Neuron-Astrocyte Omnidirectional Signaling in Neurological Health and Disease

Details

• Personal Author:
  Pathak D ; Sriram K
• Description:
  Astrocytes are an abundantly distributed population of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform myriad functions in the normal and injured/diseased brain. Astrocytes exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes in response to various insults, a process known as astrocyte reactivity. The accuracy and precision of brain signaling are primarily based on interactions involving neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and dendritic cells within the CNS. Astrocytes have emerged as a critical entity within the brain because of their unique role in recycling neurotransmitters, actively modulating the ionic environment, regulating cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism, and influencing cellular crosstalk in diverse neural injury conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. However, little is known about how an astrocyte functions in synapse formation, axon specification, neuroplasticity, neural homeostasis, neural network activity following dynamic surveillance, and CNS structure in neurological diseases. Interestingly, the tripartite synapse hypothesis came to light to fill some knowledge gaps that constitute an interaction of a subpopulation of astrocytes, neurons, and synapses. This review highlights astrocytes' role in health and neurological/neurodegenerative diseases arising from the omnidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons at the tripartite synapse. The review also recapitulates the disruption of the tripartite synapse with a focus on perturbations of the homeostatic astrocytic function as a key driver to modulate the molecular and physiological processes toward neurodegenerative diseases. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Astrocyte-neuron Communication Author Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease Brain Function Central Nervous System Disorders Glutamic Acid Huntington's Disease Molecular Signaling Neural Networks Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurological Disorders Neurophysiological Effects Neurotransmitters Parkinson's Disease Synaptic Signaling Tripartite Synapse

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• ISSN:
  1662-5099
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  16
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20067913
• Citation:
  Front Mol Neurosci 2023 Jun; 16:1169320
• Contact Point Address:
  Dhruba Pathak, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
• Email:
  txu8@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2023
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:23eab6eff405895971a7ec9cf9edcdae4ec299d985995a9d500661258def21fca72a1339803d73fdfce3f092ddb764b8cb2e8cc94113c83b674ce24a0fd1acf3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/230147/cdc_230147_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 4.54 MB ]