Prevalence and Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease of Undetermined Causes (CKDu) in Western Kenya’s “Sugar Belt”: A Cross-Sectional Study

Details

• Personal Author:
  Dorevitch S ; Hathaway MH ; Odhiambo A ; Onyango D ; Patil CL
• Description:
  Background: Epidemics of chronic kidney disease of undetermined causes (CKDu) among young male agricultural workers have been observed in many tropical regions. Western Kenya has similar climatic and occupational characteristics as many of those areas. The study objectives were to characterize prevalence and predictors of CKDu, such as, HIV, a known cause of CKD, in a sugarcane growing region of Kenya; and to estimate prevalence of CKDu across occupational categories and evaluate if physically demanding work or sugarcane work are associated with reduced eGFR. Methods: The Disadvantaged Populations eGFR Epidemiology Study (DEGREE) protocol was followed in a cross-sectional study conducted in Kisumu County, Western Kenya. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of reduced eGFR. Results: Among 782 adults the prevalence of eGFR < 90 was 9.85%. Among the 612 participants without diabetes, hypertension, and heavy proteinuria the prevalence of eGFR < 90 was 8.99% (95%CI 6.8%, 11.5%) and 0.33% (95%CI 0.04%, 1.2%) had eGFR < 60. Among the 508 participants without known risk factors for reduced eGFR (including HIV), the prevalence of eGFR < 90 was 5.12% (95%CI 3.4%, 7.4%); none had eGFR < 60. Significant risk factors for reduced eGFR were sublocation, age, body mass index, and HIV. No association was found between reduced eGFR and work in the sugarcane industry, as a cane cutter, or in physically demanding occupations. Conclusion: CKDu is not a common public health problem in this population, and possibly this region. We recommend that future studies should consider HIV to be a known cause of reduced eGFR. Factors other than equatorial climate and work in agriculture may be important determinants of CKDu epidemics. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Body Weight Epidemiology HIV Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Agricultural Workers Author Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease Of Undetermined Causes Body Weight Cross Sectional Studies Environmental Epidemiology Global Health Human Immunodeficiency Virus Kidney Disorders Occupational Health Outdoor Workers
• ISSN:
  1471-2369
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Illinois ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  24
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20067771
• Citation:
  BMC Nephrol 2023 Jun; 24(1):157
• Contact Point Address:
  Michelle H. Hathaway, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
• Email:
  hathaway@uic.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2023
• Performing Organization:
  University of Illinois at Chicago
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  BMC Nephrology
• End Date:
  20290630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:084033dfdf1029139b65c9e701e277060585b1284dbff781722143b1cc50bb979faaa91912c5511698cf5264608550923236d83818d4345c449860fe784fc39f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/230031/cdc_230031_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.32 MB ]