Mutagenic Potential of Biodiesel Exhaust Particles and Effect of Engine Operating Conditions

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bugarski, Aleksandar D. ; Keane MJ ; Kisin EK ; Shi XC ; Shvedova AA
• Description:
  Approximately 28,000 underground miners are potentially exposed to relatively high concentrations of diesel particulate matter (PM) in the mining industry. Changing fuel supply from diesel (ULSD) to biodiesel and its blends is considered to be a viable option for controlling exposures to PM but the potential for adverse health effect has yet to be addressed. This study was conducted to investigate the mutagenic potential of diesel engine emissions from neat (B100) and blended (B50) soy-based fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel in comparison with ULSD PM using different engine operating conditions and exhaust aftertreatment configurations. The exhaust samples were collected for engine equipped with either a standard muffler or a combination of the muffler and diesel oxidation catalytic converter (DOC) that was operated at four different steady-state modes. Bacterial gene mutation activity of exhaust PM was tested on the organic solvent extracts using the Ames Salmonella assay. The mutagenic activity was strongly affected by fuels, engine operating conditions, and exhaust aftertreatment systems. The mutagenicity was increased with the fraction of biodiesel in the fuel. While the mutagenic activity was observed in B50 and B100 samples collected from both lightand heavy-load operating conditions, the ULSD samples were only mutagenic at light-load conditions. The presence of DOC in the exhaust system resulted in decreased mutagenicity when engine was fueled with B100 and B50 and operated at light-load conditions. This was not the case with ULSD. Heavy-load operating condition in the presence of DOC resulted in a decrease of mutagenicity only when engine was fueled with B50, but not B100 or ULSD. Therefore, the results indicate that PM from neat or blended biodiesel has a higher mutagenic potency than ULSD. Further research is needed to investigate the health effects of biodiesel as well as efficiency of DOC or other exhaust aftertreatment systems. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution Air Pollution, Indoor Animals Chemistry Dust Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Fuel Oils Irritants Laboratories Lung Mining Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Toxicology Vehicle Emissions Workplace

  More +
• Keywords:
  Air-quality Chemical-composition Diesel-emissions Diesel-exhausts Dust-exposure Dust-particles Dusts Environmental-pollution Exposure-levels Fuels Fumes Laboratory-animals Miners Mining-industry Particulates Pollutants Pollution Pulmonary-function Pulmonary-system Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiration Respiratory-irritants Respiratory-system-disorders Risk-factors Underground-miners Underground-mining Work-environment Workers

  More +
• Series:
  Mining Publications
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; Pennsylvania ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; OMSHR - Office of Mine Safety and Health Research
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  138
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20043921
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2014 Mar; 138(1):331
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2014
• NORA Priority Area:
  Mining
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 23-27, 2014, Phonex, Arizona
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e55bee8d600236a3efa846e6eb98cc5a67b613131a2b607c3b189e9cebd30529b3c17fe7202fde4a0cab61148dc0b8376f40f4aa194e2f67f87e75c24253f760
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/228036/cdc_228036_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 237.10 KB ]