Toxicity of Day/Night Urban San Joaquin Valley, California Particulate Matter Is Size and Season Dependent

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bein KJ ; Carosino CM ; Pinkerton KE ; Plummer LE ; Wexler AS ; Zhao Y
• Description:
  There is strong evidence for an association between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse cardiopulmonary health effects both nationally and in the highly impacted San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. However, the physical and chemical characteristics of PM and the mechanisms responsible for increased morbidity and mortality remains unclear. Diurnal and temporal variability in PM sources and atmospheric processes may influence PM composition and therefore toxicity. We hypothesized that seasonal and diurnal differences in source contributions and photochemical activity would influence the cardiopulmonary toxicity of SJV ultrafine (UF, mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) < 170nm) and submicron fine (SMF, MMAD < 1microm) PM. Acute cardiopulmonary inflammatory responses were measured in the lungs and blood of healthy male Balb/C mice following oropharyngeal aspiration of 50 µg of summer/winter, UF/SMF, and day/night PM in 50 microl Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) or HBSS alone. Results indicate that PM toxicity was significantly dependent on particle size and season and was not influenced by diurnal trends. In general, UF PM elicited significantly more pulmonary inflammation compared to SMF PM regardless of season or time of day. PM size-dependent toxicity demonstrated a more pronounced difference between winter UF and SMF PM compared to summer UF and SMF PM. In contrast, circulating neutrophils in peripheral blood were higher in mice exposed to summer but not winter day UF compared to SMF PM. These findings suggest that particle chemical composition strongly influences PM toxicity, possibly due to seasonal PM sources prevalent in winter compared to summer rather than diurnal impacts. Understanding seasonal impacts on PM-induced adverse respiratory and systemic health effects can lead to more effective targeting of sources for improved control of PM pollution within the SJV and protection of public health. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution Animals Occupational Health Particulate Matter Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Air Pollution Animal Studies Cardiopulmonary Function Particle Size Particulates Seasonal Factors Toxic Effects Ultrafine Particles
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  126
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20062152
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2012 Mar; 126(Suppl 1):185
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2012
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of California - Davis
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 51st Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 11-15, 2012, San Francisco, California
• Supplement:
  1
• End Date:
  20270929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:1d6780da915828c23494898df4480cb6ccede0a2fb37928c385892b0a1ecc12bcd5a488d0d6e18e9bce66b7abd93d7b876683428ba837b50c80416d4c92930f2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/225455/cdc_225455_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 443.53 KB ]