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Pharmacologic Effects of NSAIDs and Implications for the Risks and Benefits of Long-Term Prophylactic Use of Aspirin to Prevent Cancer



Details

  • Personal Author:
  • Description:
    This paper briefly reviews the pharma-cologic effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that influence the risks and benefits of using these drugs prophylactically for cancer. It describes the metabolism of arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, the physiologic functions of prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane A2) produced by this pathway, and the pharmacologic consequences of blocking the enzymatic activity of the two COX isoforms. We mention other proposed mechanisms by which NSAIDs may directly or indirectly affect non-COX pathways. The diverse pharmacologic effects of NSAIDs, when combined with the relatively low probability that an individual with average risk will develop any single type of cancer over a lifetime, severely limit the tolerance for toxicity if aspirin or related drugs are to be administered prophylactically to large numbers of otherwise healthy people. Further research is needed to identify a drug, dose, treatment regimen, and patient population(s) where the benefits of prophylactic treatment will exceed the risks. A singular advantage of aspirin over all other NSAIDs is the potential to combine reduced risk of certain cancers with cardiovascular benefit. However, many elements that are needed to achieve this remain unresolved. [Description provided by NIOSH]
  • Subjects:
  • Keywords:
  • ISBN:
    9783540692966
  • ISSN:
    0080-0015
  • Document Type:
    Text
  • Funding:
    Grant
  • Genre:
    Book
  • Place as Subject:
  • CIO:
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
  • Topic:
    Workplace Safety & Health
  • Location:
    North America
  • Pages in Document:
    215-221
  • Volume:
    181
  • NIOSHTIC Number:
    nn:20061927
  • Citation:
    Cancer Prevention II. Recent Results Cancer Res. Senn H-J, Kapp U, Otto F eds. Berlin: Springer, 2009 Jan; 181:215-221
  • Email:
    mthun@cancer.org
  • CAS Registry Number:
    Aspirin (CAS RN 50-78-2)
  • Editor(s):
    Senn H-J; Kapp U; Otto F
  • Federal Fiscal Year:
    2009
  • Performing Organization:
    Emory University, Atlanta
  • Peer Reviewed:
    False
  • Start Date:
    20050701
  • Source Full Name:
    Cancer Prevention II. Recent Results in Cancer Research
  • End Date:
    20180630
  • Collection(s):
  • Main Document Checksum:
    urn:sha-512:3d5afc22dad6057820f45a2c9831f6d466706f6fcbe433e5a126575cd9cf805e5903bbc89d83b7c9e733c02549445470f4b2e7d60b8612bc81297ab7e5594ab4
  • Download URL:
  • File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 943.16 KB ]
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