Telomeres in Toxicology: Occupational Health

Details

• Personal Author:
  Antonini JM ; Meier HCS ; Shoeb M
• Description:
  The ends of chromosomes shorten at each round of cell division, and this process is thought to be affected by occupational exposures. Occupational hazards may alter telomere length homeostasis resulting in DNA damage, chromosome aberration, mutations, epigenetic alterations and inflammation. Therefore, for the protection of genetic material, nature has provided a unique nucleoprotein structure known as a telomere. Telomeres provide protection by averting an inappropriate activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) at chromosomal ends and preventing recognition of single and double strand DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA) breaks or chromosomal end-to-end fusion. Telomeres and their interacting six shelterin complex proteins in coordination act as inhibitors of DNA damage machinery by blocking DDR activation at chromosomes, thereby preventing the occurrence of genome instability, perturbed cell cycle, cellular senescence and apoptosis. However, inappropriate DNA repair may result in the inadequate distribution of genetic material during cell division, resulting in the eventual development of tumorigenesis and other pathologies. This article reviews the current literature on the association of changes in telomere length and its interacting proteins with different occupational exposures and the potential application of telomere length or changes in the regulatory proteins as potential biomarkers for exposure and health response, including recent findings and future perspectives. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Carcinogens Cell Division Genetics Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Telomere Cell Division DNA Damage DNA Damage Response Exposure Assessment Gene Expression Genes Occupational Exposure Occupational Exposures Shelterin Complex Telomerase Tumorigenesis

  More +
• ISSN:
  0163-7258
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia ; Wisconsin
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  220
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061528
• Citation:
  Pharmacol Ther 2021 Apr; 220:107742
• Contact Point Address:
  Mohammad Shoeb, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
• Email:
  ywo7@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Pharmacology & Therapeutics
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:127d850948ed8c68486a50e2466884b341eeec149ee2031c030fa4d4703bde9e7690a09a8bf99a7429a828e5ed452a74a85db2488e502e9dd23f460ec3476748
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/225039/cdc_225039_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 945.58 KB ]