Biological Effects of Inhaled Hydraulic Fracturing Sand Dust. IV. Pulmonary Effects

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barger M ; Batchelor TP ; Cumpston J ; Dey RD ; Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Jackson MC ; Kashon ML ; Kodali V ; McKinney W ; Mercer RR ; Porter DW ; Reynolds JS ; Russ KA ; Sriram K ; Thompson JA
• Description:
  Hydraulic fracturing creates fissures in subterranean rock to increase the flow and retrieval of natural gas. Sand ("proppant") in fracking fluid injected into the well bore maintains fissure patency. Fracking sand dust (FSD) is generated during manipulation of sand to prepare the fracking fluid. Containing respirable crystalline silica, FSD could pose hazards similar to those found in work sites where silica inhalation induces lung disease such as silicosis. This study was performed to evaluate the possible toxic effects following inhalation of a FSD (FSD 8) in the lung and airways. Rats were exposed (6 h/d × 4 d) to 10 or 30 mg/m3 of a FSD collected at a gas well, and measurements were performed 1, 7, 27 and, in one series of experiments, 90 d post-exposure. The following ventilatory and non-ventilatory parameters were measured in vivo and/or in vitro: 1) lung mechanics (respiratory system resistance and elastance, tissue damping, tissue elastance, Newtonian resistance and hysteresivity); 2) airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh); airway epithelium integrity (isolated, perfused trachea); airway efferent motor nerve activity (electric field stimulation in vitro); airway smooth muscle contractility; ion transport in intact and cultured epithelium; airway effector and sensory nerves; tracheal particle deposition; and neurogenic inflammation/vascular permeability. FSD 8 was without large effect on most parameters, and was not pro-inflammatory, as judged histologically and in cultured epithelial cells, but increased reactivity to inhaled MCh at some post-exposure time points and affected Na+ transport in airway epithelial cells. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Dust Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Histology Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Methacholine Compounds Occupational Health Oil And Gas Industry Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide

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• Keywords:
  Airway Resistance Animal Studies Author Keywords: Hydraulic Fracturing Biological Effects Cellular Reactions Crystalline Silica Dust Exposure Dusts Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Fracking Fracking Sand Dust Gas Industry Hydraulic Fracturing Inhalation In Vitro Study In Vivo Study Ion Transport Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Lung Lung Disease Methacholines Muscle Contraction Natural Gas Neuromotor Activity Pulmonary Effects Pulmonary System Disorders Pulmonary Toxicity Respirable Dust Respiratory System Disorders Sand Silica Silica Dusts Silicosis Toxic Effects Toxic Materials

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• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  409
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061248
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020 Dec; 409:115284
• Contact Point Address:
  Jeffrey S. Fedan, PhD, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane, Morgantown, WV 26508, United States of America
• Email:
  jsf2@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Methacholine (CAS RN 55-92-5) ; Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f6d24271ffb3a18101484b9302e225890f912bc968a61dde076f01625e63116c3b839f3d6ef5a42a2c443b295d7a786457628ed590d3450ccda32d9c1ac7ae5f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224844/cdc_224844_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.08 MB ]