Biological Effects of Inhaled Hydraulic Fracturing Sand Dust. III. Cytotoxicity and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Murine Macrophage Cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bowers LN ; Duling, Matthew G. ; Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Kashon ML ; Knepp AK ; Leonard, Stephen S. ; Mercer RR ; Morris AM ; Olgun, Nicole S. ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
• Description:
  Cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used to investigate the effects of fracking sand dust (FSD) for its pro-inflammatory activity, in order to gain insight into the potential toxicity to workers associated with inhalation of FSD during hydraulic fracturing. While the role of respirable crystalline silica in the development of silicosis is well documented, nothing is known about the toxicity of inhaled FSD. The FSD (FSD 8) used in these studies was from an unconventional gas well drilling site. FSD 8 was prepared as a 10 mg/ml stock solution in sterile PBS, vortexed for 15 s, and allowed to sit at room temperature for 30 min before applying the suspension to RAW 264.7cells. Compared to PBS controls, cellular viability was significantly decreased after a 24 h exposure to FSD. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of IL-6, TNFalpha, and endothelin- 1 (ET-1) were up-regulated as a result of the exposure, whereas the hydroxyl radical (.OH) was only detected in an acellular system. Immunofluorescent staining of cells against TNFalpha revealed that FSD 8 caused cellular blebbing, and engulfment of FSD 8 by macrophages was observed with enhanced dark-field microscopy. The observed changes in cellular viability, cellular morphology, free radical generation and cytokine production all confirm that FSD 8 is cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells and warrants future studies into the specific pathways and mechanisms by which these toxicities occur. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Blood Cytotoxins Dust Environmental Exposure Free Radicals Immune System Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Macrophages Occupational Health Oil And Gas Industry Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety

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• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Author Keywords: Fracking Sand Dust Cell Alteration Cell Morphology Cellular Effects Cytokines Cytotoxic Effects Cytotoxicity Dust Exposure Dusts Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Fracking Free Radical Generation Free Radicals Gas Industry Gene Expression Gene Regulation Hydraulic Fracturing Immune Reaction Inflammation Inhalation Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Natural Gas Oil Industry Pulmonary Effects Pulmonary System Disorders Pulmonary Toxicity Rats Reactive Oxygen Species Respirable Dust ROS Sand

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• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  408
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061247
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020 Dec; 408:115281
• Contact Point Address:
  Nicole S. Olgun, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane, Mailstop 2015, Morgantown, WV 26508, United States of America
• Email:
  nolgun@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f0a7c4d178032baa96b932ccf2ad4236188002a4100b505bff9a9be4bbbe137dfa4c4b69090a9d820afa6e1df7bce9f64c4705c4b5f80a597b3db7f08afdaa29
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224843/cdc_224843_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.22 MB ]