Second Hits Exacerbate Alcohol-Related Organ Damage: An Update

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ganesan M ; Kharbanda KK ; Kidambi S ; Osna NA ; Seth D ; Wyatt TA
• Description:
  Chronic and excessive alcohol abuse cause direct and indirect detrimental effects on a wide range of body organs and systems and accounts for approx. 4% of deaths worldwide. Many factors influence the harmful effects of alcohol. This concise review presents newer insights into the role of select second hits in influencing the progression of alcohol-induced organ damage by synergistically acting to generate a more dramatic downstream biological defect. This review specifically addresses on how a lifestyle factor of high fat intake exacerbates alcoholic liver injury and its progression. This review also provides the mechanistic insights into how increasing matrix stiffness during liver injury promotes alcohol-induced fibrogenesis. It also discusses how hepatotropic viral (HCV, HBV) infections as well as HIV (which is traditionally not known to be hepatotropic), are potentiated by alcohol exposure to promote hepatotoxicity and fibrosis progression. Finally, this review highlights the impact of reactive aldehydes generated during alcohol and cigarette smoke coexposure impair innate antimicrobial defense and increased susceptibility to infections. This review was inspired by the symposium held at the 17th Congress of the European Society for Biomedical research on Alcoholism in Lille, France entitled 'Second hits in alcohol-related organ damage'. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Alcoholic Beverages Aldehydes Environmental Exposure Fibrosis Formaldehyde Liver Morbidity Mortality Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Smokers

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• Keywords:
  Alcohol Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholism Alcohols Antimicrobials Cigarette Smoke Exposure Levels Fatalities Fibrogenesis Hazards Health Effects Hepatotoxicity Injuries Liver Damage Morbidity Rates Mortality Rates Risk Factors Smoking Statistical Analysis

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• ISSN:
  0735-0414
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Nebraska ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  8-16
• Volume:
  56
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061072
• Citation:
  Alcohol Alcohol 2021 Jan; 56(1):8-16
• Contact Point Address:
  Kusum K. Kharbanda, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service (151), 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
• Email:
  kkharbanda@unmc.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Nebraska Medical Center - Omaha
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20110901
• Source Full Name:
  Alcohol and Alcoholism
• End Date:
  20270831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:28a4f2bfe466f525bf28d7add7ec84243fe1a3a10ec7cb828744b91b584a6bc01a21fe0c914599c50b045be2b8252994bc9e6b1d3bfdd50c3b494835fda66f40
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224747/cdc_224747_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 700.70 KB ]