Mechanisms of Chromium Carcinogenicity and Toxicity

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cohen MD ; Costa M ; Kargacin B ; Klein CB
• Description:
  Chromium, like many transition metal elements, is essential to life at low concentrations yet toxic to many systems at higher concentrations. In addition to the overt symptoms of acute chromium toxicity, delayed manifestations of chromium exposure become apparent by subsequent increases in the incidence of various human cancers. Chromium is widely used in numerous industrial processes, and as a result is a contaminant of many environmental systems. Chromium, in its myriad chemical forms and oxidation states, has been well studied in terms of its general chemistry and its interactions with biological molecules. However, the precise mechanisms by which chromium is both an essential metal and a carcinogen are not yet fully clear. The following review does not seek to embellish upon the proposed mechanisms of the toxic and carcinogenic actions of chromium, but rather provides a comprehensive review of these theories. The chemical nature of chromium compounds and how these properties impact upon the interactions of chromium with cellular and genetic targets, including animal and human hosts, are discussed. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Carcinogens Chromium Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: DNA Adducts Carcinogenicity Cellular Effects Chromium Compounds Deoxyribonucleic Acids DNA DNA Protein Cross-links Environmental Pollution Genetic Factors Reductive Intermediates Toxic Effects

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• ISSN:
  1040-8444
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  255-281
• Volume:
  23
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20060107
• Citation:
  Crit Rev Toxicol 1993 Jul; 23(3):255-281
• Contact Point Address:
  Max Costa, Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1993
• Performing Organization:
  Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19920701
• Source Full Name:
  Critical Reviews in Toxicology
• End Date:
  19970630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d806a48e920abd783db0e946046fcf037e956c9df22726ea46ded7f51743aa88d16f7b30e840abf4f7af259fe7e02dcfac988df07eedaa696be79c07372013b9
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224122/cdc_224122_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 928.93 KB ]