Factors Influencing Emissions from 3D Printers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
• Description:
  Additive manufacturing (AM), more commonly referred to as 3D printing, refers to several types of technologies that build physical objects layer by layer from a computer file. While some AM technologies remain limited to industrial settings, others, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and vat polymerization (VP), are relatively inexpensive and becoming more commonplace in homes, schools, libraries, and other nonindustrial settings. During operation, FFF and VP 3D printers emit particles and organic vapors. On a number basis, particles are dominated by ultrafine sizes (<100 nm) which can deposit in the lung alveoli. Organic vapors include compounds with known inhalation and dermal effects, including immune sensitization and toxicity. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate that emissions may cause adverse health effects, including cytotoxicity and cardiovascular effects. Emissions are influenced by device-related (technology type, design, printing parameters) and feedstock-related (physical form, chemistry) factors. This presentation will summarize results from several years (and ongoing) of research on 3D printer emissions. Systematic investigation of device- and feedstock-related factors that influence emissions provides important insights on exposure potential, efficacy of control technologies, and design of experimental toxicology studies. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Aerosols
  • Air Pollutants, Occupational
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Cytotoxins
  • Lung
  • Occupational Health
  • Polymers
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Respiratory System
  More +
• Keywords:
  • Toxicology
  • Toxic effects
  • Exposure assessment
  • 3D printing
  • Three dimensional printing
  • Printer-emitted particles
  • Volatile organic compounds
  • VOCs
  • Aerosol particles
  • Additive manufacturing
  More +
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  13
• Volume:
  174
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058805
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2020 Mar; 174(1):13
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 15-19, 2020, Anaheim, California
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223201/cdc_223201_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 521.65 KB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:2ffa154fba05113d690747213ef1ba109581ea1ac8cd9ec6eee710c96d866ecc8b8082fde1e116fe6b77eba36717912d17c4f6cfca0742374981b8969f669355