Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells (Dataset)

Details

• Corporate Authors:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Description:
  E-cigarettes utilize a wide range of flavoring chemicals whose respiratory health effects are not well understood. In this study, we used pulmonary-associated cell lines to assess the in vitro cytotoxic effects of thirty flavoring chemicals. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and both naïve and activated macrophages (THP-1) were treated with 10, 100, and 1000 µM of flavoring chemicals and analyzed for changes in viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammatory cytokine release. Viability was most greatly affected by decanal, hexanal, nonanal, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, vanillin, alpha-pinene, eugenol, and limonene. High amounts of ROS were elicited by vanillin, ethyl maltol, and the diketones (2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-heptanedione, and 2,3-hexanedione) from both cell lines. Naïve THP-1 cells produced significant levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-a when exposed to ethyl maltol and hexanal. Activated THP-1 cells released increased IL-1β and TNF-a when exposed to ethyl maltol, but many flavoring chemicals had an apparent suppressive effect on inflammatory cytokines released by activated macrophages, with varying degrees of accompanying cytotoxicity. The diketones, L-carvone, and linalool, suppressed cytokine release in the absence of cytotoxicity. These findings provide insight into patterns of cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine release potentially relevant to the development of pathological changes in the lungs of e-cigarette users. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Cytotoxins Electrical Equipment And Supplies Flavoring Agents Occupational Health Safety Smokers
• Keywords:
  Cellular Effects Cytokines Cytotoxic Effects Cytotoxicity Electronic Devices Flavorings In Vitro Study Reactive Oxygen Species ROS Smoking
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1026-2021-0
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Dataset
• Genre:
  Research Dataset
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064136
• Citation:
  Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Research Dataset RD-1026-2021-0, 2021 Dec; :dataset
• Contact Point Address:
  Pathology and Physiology Research Branch (PPRB), Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV Phone - 304.285.5831
• CAS Registry Number:
  (±)-Linalool (CAS RN 78-70-6) ; 2,3-Heptanedione (CAS RN 96-04-8) ; 2,3-Hexanedione (CAS RN 3848-24-6) ; 2,3-Pentanedione (CAS RN 600-14-6) ; Cinnamaldehyde (CAS RN 104-55-2) ; Ethyl maltol (CAS RN 4940-11-8) ; Limonene (CAS RN 138-86-3) ; Vanillin (CAS RN 121-33-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Effects of e-cigarette flavoring chemicals on human macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:536f7dbd6901b083462d05d29a32c0e1d43d09b1ff8ec7d7af5a68c64d76e098f17a5b4dbea5a8eca189f1d7769f76707dcd890f6498af365d1bd78981219115
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222644/cdc_222644_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 166.58 KB ]