Respiratory Tract Responses to Repeated Inhalation of an Oxidant and Acid Gas-Particle Air Pollutant Mixture

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bhalla DK ; Kleinman MT ; Mautz WJ ; Phalen RF
• Description:
  The purpose of this study was to examine a broad range of toxicologic responses in rats exposed to a multi-component pollutant atmosphere. Cumulative and adaptive respiratory tract responses to 3 concentrations of an inhaled particle-oxidant mixture were examined in Fisher 344 N rats exposed 4 h/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks. The mixtures contained O3, NO2, NH4HSO4, carbon particles, and HNO3 vapor. Irritant-induced, rapid-shallow breathing responses were present during the first 4-h exposure to medium and high concentrations. Successive exposures showed diminished responses in medium concentrations and exacerbated responses in high concentrations. At the end of 4 weeks, rats exposed to high concentrations exhibited lung lesions. Lavaged pulmonary macrophages showed dose-dependent depressions of Fc-receptor binding and phagocytosis. Lung tissue macrophages showed dose-dependent increases in acid phosphatase staining density and carbon particles. Respiratory tract clearance of tracer particles was not significantly affected by the exposures. Broncho-alveolar epithelial permeability was increased by the high concentration. Epithelial cell-proliferation labeling showed a dose-dependent increase at all levels of the respiratory tract. Progressively exacerbated breathing-pattern responses at high concentrations were associated with lung lesions and high cell-proliferation labeling in the nose transitional epithelium and terminal bronchioles. Attenuating or adaptive breathing-pattern responses occurred in the presence of smaller, but in many cases still significant, compromise of respiratory functions. Either attenuating or exacerbated breathing-pattern responses can occur in the presence of a significant dose-dependent compromise of other respiratory functions and lung tissue injury. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Animals Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Acids Air Pollutants Ammonium Bisulfate Animal Studies Author Keywords: Air Pollution Complex Mixtures Gas Mixtures Inhalation Studies Inhalation Toxicology Lung Irritants Mixed Exposures Nitric Acid Nitrogen Dioxide Oxidants Ozone Particles Respiratory Function Respiratory Irritants

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Hawaii ; Michigan ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  331-341
• Volume:
  61
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058197
• Citation:
  Toxicol Sci 2001 Jun; 61(2):331-341
• Contact Point Address:
  William J. Mautz, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4091
• Email:
  mautz@hawaii.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ammonium bisulfite (CAS RN 10192-30-0) ; Nitric acid (CAS RN 7697-37-2) ; Nitrogen dioxide (CAS RN 10102-44-0) ; Ozone (CAS RN 10028-15-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2001
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19990701
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicological Sciences
• End Date:
  20040630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:499fa3ca94cd8c818a9d53bb38049ecf5fbc6949b8bd777a233c67c9625b2e486c0066f62e0f1d17719f8e785663c8cd86acbd36bd81b435720bcab427ad366d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/221332/cdc_221332_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 254.97 KB ]