Tijuana Childhood Lead Risk Assessment Revisited: Validating a GIS Model with Environmental Data

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baker, Dean B. ; Ericson JE ; Gonzalez EJ ; Pham PG
• Description:
  The objective of this research was to determine the spatial distributions of childhood lead poisoning and soil lead contamination in urban Tijuana. The Bocco-Sanchez model of point-source emissions was evaluated in terms of validity and reliability. We compared the model's predicted vulnerable populations with observed cases of childhood lead poisoning in Tijuana, identified fixed point sources in the field, and analyzed 76 soil samples from 14 sites. The soil lead results were compared to the blood lead analyses performed on Tijuana children whose blood lead levels were >/=10 microg/dL, who reported that they did not use lead-glazed ceramics for cooking or storing food (n = 63). Using GIS, predicted vs observed risk areas were assessed by examining spatial patterns, including the distribution of cases per designated risk area. Chi-square analysis of expected vs observed values did not differ significantly at the p = 0.02 level, showing that the model was strikingly accurate in predicting the distribution of subjects with elevated blood lead. Results reveal that while point sources are significant, other sources of lead exposure are also important. The relative public health risk from exposure to lead in an urban setting may be assessed by distinguishing among sources of exposure and associating concentrations to blood lead levels. The results represent an iterative approach in environmental health research by linking environmental and human biomarker lead concentrations and using these results to validate an environmental model of risk to lead exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Lead Lead Poisoning Occupational Health Poisoning Risk Assessment Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Exposure Assessment Blood Lead Levels Children Environmental Contamination Environmental Exposure Exposure Assessment GIS Lead Poisoning Model Validation Risk Management Soil Analysis Soil Lead Tijuana, Mexico Urban

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• ISSN:
  0364-152X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  29
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058122
• Citation:
  Environ Manage 2002 Apr; 29(4):559-565
• Contact Point Address:
  Jonathon E. Ericson, Department of Environmental Analysis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-7070, USA
• Email:
  jeericso@uci.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2002
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19990701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Management
• End Date:
  20040630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9a1a6d6066bcf6e227445440f3d7331c933494b5e13efd92efe8f4cd2892eb73d979a14d36efbb0e83a8002bd06f9507a5174e7bf8cb004aab221535b4960fd1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/221268/cdc_221268_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 179.90 KB ]