Forward -- Introduction -- Surveillance -- Laboratory diagnosis and testing -- Prevention and control -- References -- Appendix 1: Arboviral diseases, neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive case definition -- Appendix 2: Calculation and application of a vector index (VI) reflecting the number of WN virus nfected mosquitoes in a population -- Appendix 3: Interim guidance for states conducting avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) and/or highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus

Third revision published as: Epidemic/epizootic West Nile virus in the United States : guidelines for surveillance, prevention, and control, 2003.

As West Nile virus (WNV) spread and became established across the United States following its first identification in New York City in 1999, the responses of all levels of the public health system have resulted in a detailed understanding of WNV transmission ecology and epidemiology as well as development of systems and procedures to reduce human risk. This includes an expanded capacity to diagnose and monitor WNV infections in humans, measure WNV transmission activity in vector mosquitoes, and implement effective WNV control programs. These guidelines, which update the third revision released in 2003, incorporate this new knowledge with the goal of providing guidance to health departments and other public health entities in monitoring and mitigating WNV risk to humans.

The following CDC, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases staff members formed the technical development group that prepared this report: Roger S. Nasci, Marc. Fischer, Nicole P. Lindsey, Robert S. Lanciotti, Harry M. Savage, Nicholas Komar, Janet C. McAllister, John-Paul Mutebi, Judy M. Lavelle, Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Lyle R. Petersen.

Guidelines and Recommendations