On-Road Chemical Transformation as an Important Mechanism of NO2 Formation

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baldauf RW ; Batterman S ; Deshmukh P ; Li Z ; Snow R ; Wu X ; Wu Y ; Xu WD ; Yang B ; Zhang KM ; Zhang Q ; Zhang S
• Description:
  Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) not only is linked to adverse effects on the respiratory system but also contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our curbside monitoring data analysis in Detroit, Michigan, and Atlanta, Georgia, strongly suggests that a large fraction of NO2 is produced during the "tailpipe-to-road" stage. To substantiate this finding, we designed and carried out a field campaign to measure the same exhaust plumes at the tailpipe-level by a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) and at the on-road level by an electric vehicle-based mobile platform. Furthermore, we employed a turbulent reacting flow model, CTAG, to simulate the on-road chemistry behind a single vehicle. We found that a three-reaction (NO-NO2-O3) system can largely capture the rapid NO to NO2 conversion (with time scale approximately equal to seconds) observed in the field studies. To distinguish the contributions from different mechanisms to near-road NO2, we clearly defined a set of NO2/NOx ratios at different plume evolution stages, namely tailpipe, on-road, curbside, near-road, and ambient background. Our findings from curbside monitoring, on-road experiments, and simulations imply the on-road oxidation of NO by ambient O3 is a significant, but so far ignored, contributor to curbside and near-road NO2. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution Automobiles Nitrogen Dioxide Occupational Health Ozone Respiratory System Safety Vehicle Emissions
• Keywords:
  Air Pollution Air Quality Monitoring Automotive Exhausts Nitrogen Dioxide Respiratory Irritants
• ISSN:
  0013-936X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Michigan ; New York ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  52
• Issue:
  8
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055329
• Citation:
  Environ Sci Technol 2018 Apr; 52(8):4574-4582
• Contact Point Address:
  K. Max Zhang, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
• Email:
  kz33@cornell.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Nitrogen dioxide (CAS RN 10102-44-0) ; Ozone (CAS RN 10028-15-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• Performing Organization:
  University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Science and Technology
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:8f6e424dd162172702e6fcf3462f42f907714da643c5ca2bf9adc78a8b4b4548a54f0df1c1d33617b3795b18e752290062e07801171023d83d7e2ad8226d04a5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217661/cdc_217661_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.66 MB ]