Effects of Diesel Exhaust on Airway Epithelial Ion Transport and Lung Function in the Rat

Details

• Personal Author:
  Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Jackson MC ; McKinney WG ; Thompson JA
• Description:
  Diesel engines are employed to run drilling rigs and pump fracking fluid down the well bore at hydraulic fracturing worksites. Workers at these sites are routinely exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DE) due to their proximity to the engines. Short-term exposure to DE is associated with headache, dizziness, and irritation of the eye, nose and throat. Long-term exposure increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The effects of a sub-chronic inhalation exposure to DE on lung function, airway reactivity, and airway epithelial ion transport, were investigated. Rats in whole body chambers were exposed to 1 mg/m3 DE generated from a tier 2 engine for 6 h/d, 4 d/wk. Experimental endpoints were measured at 1, 7 and 27 d post-exposure. Combustion gasses were monitored in real time inside the exposure chamber and had typical values of 4,000 ppm CO2, 18 ppm NO, 800 ppm SO2, 28 ppm CO, and 20.2% O2. Lung resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and reactivity to inhaled MCh were measured in anesthetized rats. There was no effect of DE on basal RL or Cdyn or reactivity to inhaled MCh at 1 d post-exposure. However, DE increased basal RL and decreased basal Cdyn compared to air-breathing controls at 7 d post-exposure. Transepithelial potential difference (Vt), transepithelial resistance (Rt), and short-circuit current (ISC) were measured in vitro in tracheas mounted in Ussing chambers and treated with the ion transport inhibitors amiloride (Na+ channel blocker; apical), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB; Cl¡¥ channel blocker; apical), and ouabain (Na+,K+-pump blocker; basolateral). Exposure to DE had no effect on ISC or Rt at 1 and 7 d post-exposure. Basal ISC and responses to ion transport inhibitors were reduced at 27 d post-exposure; however, there was no effect on Rt. There were no changes in Vt at any post-exposure time. These results indicate that inhalation of DE leads to changes in pulmonary function and airway ion transport. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Blood Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Oil And Gas Industry Respiratory System Safety Toxicology Vehicle Emissions

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• Keywords:
  Airborne Particles Airway Resistance Biological Effects Blood Cells Cellular Function Combustion Gases Diesel Emissions Diesel Engines Diesel Exhaust Dose Response Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Fracking Gases Gas Industry Health Effects Hydraulic Fracturing Inhalation Ion Transport Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Oil Industry Pulmonary Effects Pulmonary Function Toxic Effects Toxic Materials

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  32
• Volume:
  168
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054890
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2019 Mar; 168(1):32
• CAS Registry Number:
  Carbon dioxide (CAS RN 124-38-9) ; Carbon monoxide (CAS RN 630-08-0) ; Nitric oxide (CAS RN 10102-43-9) ; Oxygen (CAS RN 7782-44-7) ; Sulfur dioxide (CAS RN 7446-09-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2019
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 58th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 10-14, 2019, Baltimore, Maryland
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e2cbe1efbef44b3328ef7800ce3e206bc2c36509e2055436663ccb81a6384622b53421e416c90ec679b48b7f96952c3d1c8a6ab779730277ec636456d5081647
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217303/cdc_217303_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 865.55 KB ]