Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Toxicity of Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter Generated Under Varying Conditions

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cox DP ; Drury BE ; Fox JR ; Gould TR ; Kaufman JD ; Kavanagh TJ ; Larson TV ; Paulsen MH ; Sheppard L ; Simpson CD ; Stewart JA
• Description:
  Epidemiologic studies have linked diesel exhaust (DE) to cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, as well as lung cancer. DE composition is known to vary with many factors, although it is unclear how this influences toxicity. We generated eight DE atmospheres by applying a 2×2×2 factorial design and altering three parameters in a controlled exposure facility: (1) engine load (27 vs 82 %), (2) particle aging (residence time approximately 5 s vs approximately 5 min prior to particle collection), and (3) oxidation (with or without ozonation during dilution). Selected exposure concentrations of both diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and DE gases, DEP oxidative reactivity via DTT activity, and in vitro DEP toxicity in murine endothelial cells were measured for each DE atmosphere. Cell toxicity was assessed via measurement of cell proliferation (colony formation assay), cell viability (MTT assay), and wound healing (scratch assay). Differences in DE composition were observed as a function of engine load. The mean 1-nitropyrene concentration was 15 times higher and oxidative reactivity was two times higher for low engine load versus high load. There were no substantial differences in measured toxicity among the three DE exposure parameters. These results indicate that alteration of applied engine load shifts the composition and can modify the biological reactivity of DE. While engine conditions did not affect the selected in vitro toxicity measures, the change in oxidative reactivity suggests that toxicological studies with DE need to take into account engine conditions in characterizing biological effects. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution Epidemiology Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Air Pollution Author Keywords: Air Pollution Biological Effects Diesel Exhaust In Vitro Toxicity Physicochemical Properties Toxic Effects Varying Exposure Conditions
• ISSN:
  1873-9318
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Missouri ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 7 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  8
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054776
• Citation:
  Air Qual Atmos Health 2015 Oct; 8(5):507-519
• Contact Point Address:
  Julie Richman Fox, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
• Email:
  richmanj@uw.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:80a9076f7435fc8b22c184681cd78f9c93a8f01715c401c37a9dd3b980bdf3839549bb59d7250ba8886e428adb8fa7ae71d09ed74ef16b378175715f2cf67e79
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217209/cdc_217209_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 281.78 KB ]