Association of Environmental Cadmium Exposure with Pediatric Dental Caries

Details

• Personal Author:
  Arora M ; Schwartz J ; Weuve J ; Wright RO
• Description:
  BACKGROUND: Although animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure results in severe dental caries, limited epidemiologic data are available on this issue. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and dental caries in children 6-12 years of age. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data, including urine cadmium concentrations and counts of decayed or filled tooth surfaces, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression to estimate the association between urine cadmium concentrations and caries experience, adjusting these analyses for potential confounders including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). RESULTS: Urine cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.38 ng/mL. Approximately 56% of children had experienced caries in their deciduous teeth, and almost 30% had been affected by caries in their permanent dentition. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in creatinine-corrected cadmium concentrations (0.21 microg/g creatinine) corresponded to a 16% increase in the odds of having experienced caries in deciduous teeth [prevalence odds ratio (OR)=1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.40]. This association was statistically significant in children with low ETS exposure (prevalence OR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.67). The results from the ZINB regression indicated that, among children with any caries history in their deciduous teeth, an IQR increase in cadmium was associated with 17% increase in the number of decayed or filled surfaces. We observed no association between cadmium and caries experience in permanent teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental cadmium exposure may be associated with increased risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth of children. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aging Animals Cadmium Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Laboratories Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Smoke Tobacco Products Urine

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• Keywords:
  Age Groups Author Keywords: NHANES III Cadmium Compounds Children Dental Caries Dental Disorders Environmental Exposure Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Levels Humans Laboratory Animals Risk Factors Statistical Analysis Tobacco Smoke Urine Cadmium

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• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  116
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054352
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2008 Jun; 116(6):821-825
• Contact Point Address:
  M. Arora, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center East 3-112-4, 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA 02215
• Email:
  marora@hsph.harvard.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  Harvard School of Public Health
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f240e860f72ca7a8f002f06cedd5aaa86a69a69aa3354fea83af8a4257ae5e958e4bf9bb8a33a79a4e38c68fa0bb8f83829b0ed7673f06556c3e35206a3e164b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216937/cdc_216937_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 125.64 KB ]