Characterization of Phthalate Exposure Among Pregnant Women Assessed by Repeat Air and Urine Samples

Details

• Personal Author:
  Adibi JJ ; Bhat HK ; Calafat, Antonia M. ; Camann D ; Hauser R ; Herrick R ; Nelson H ; Perera FP ; Silva MJ ; Whyatt RM ; Williams PL
• Description:
  BACKGROUND: Although urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites are frequently used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, variability during pregnancy has not been characterized. METHODS: We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples collected from 246 pregnant Dominican and African-American women. Twenty-eight women had repeat urine samples collected over a 6-week period. We also analyzed 48-hr personal air samples (n = 96 women) and repeated indoor air samples (n = 32 homes) for five phthalate diesters. Mixed-effects models were fit to evaluate reproducibility via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of using a single specimen versus repeat samples to classify a woman's exposure in the low or high category. RESULTS: Phthalates were detected in 85-100% of air and urine samples. ICCs for the unadjusted urinary metabolite concentrations ranged from 0.30 for mono-ethyl phthalate to 0.66 for monobenzyl phthalate. For indoor air, ICCs ranged from 0.48 [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)] to 0.83 [butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP)]. Air levels of phthalate diesters correlated with their respective urinary metabolite concentrations for BBzP (r = 0.71), di-isobutyl phthalate (r = 0.44), and diethyl phthalate (DEP; r = 0.39). In women sampled late in pregnancy, specific gravity appeared to be more effective than creatinine in adjusting for urine dilution. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary concentrations of DEP and DEHP metabolites in pregnant women showed lower reproducibility than metabolites for di-n-butyl phthalate and BBzP. A single indoor air sample may be sufficient to characterize phthalate exposure in the home, whereas urinary phthalate biomarkers should be sampled longitudinally during pregnancy to minimize exposure misclassification. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Energy Metabolism Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Epidemiology Occupational Health Phthalic Acids Pregnancy Race Factors Safety Urine Women

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• Keywords:
  Air Samples Author Keywords: Creatinine Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure Levels Humans Indoor Air Indoor Environments Metabolites Models Personal Air Phthalates Racial Factors Sampling Specific Gravity Urinalysis Urinary Metabolites Variability

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• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Massachusetts ; New York ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  467-473
• Volume:
  116
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054193
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2008 Apr; 116(4):467-473
• Contact Point Address:
  R.M. Whyatt, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Ave., B-109, New York, NY 10032
• Email:
  rmw5@columbia.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Butyl benzyl phthalate (CAS RN 85-68-7) ; Diethyl phthalate (CAS RN 84-66-2) ; Dioctyl phthalate (CAS RN 117-81-7) ; Monobenzyl phthalate (CAS RN 2528-16-7) ; Monoethyl phthalate (CAS RN 2306-33-4)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  Harvard School of Public Health
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d6b5c94e2a0f3846b71e58fda3415e5761f481f92124631520348216fe4b39c1077abb14e69b843163ec5d810787a65bb6dcf46ee5fa869563ed9e4b2d1276be
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216805/cdc_216805_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 135.29 KB ]