Characterization of Phthalate Exposure Among Pregnant Women Assessed by Repeat Air and Urine Samples

Details

• Personal Author:
  Adibi JJ ; Bhat HK ; Calafat, Antonia M. ; Camann D ; Hauser R ; Herrick R ; Nelson H ; Perera FP ; Silva MJ ; Whyatt RM ; Williams PL
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• Description:
  BACKGROUND: Although urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites are frequently used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, variability during pregnancy has not been characterized. METHODS: We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples collected from 246 pregnant Dominican and African-American women. Twenty-eight women had repeat urine samples collected over a 6-week period. We also analyzed 48-hr personal air samples (n = 96 women) and repeated indoor air samples (n = 32 homes) for five phthalate diesters. Mixed-effects models were fit to evaluate reproducibility via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of using a single specimen versus repeat samples to classify a woman's exposure in the low or high category. RESULTS: Phthalates were detected in 85-100% of air and urine samples. ICCs for the unadjusted urinary metabolite concentrations ranged from 0.30 for mono-ethyl phthalate to 0.66 for monobenzyl phthalate. For indoor air, ICCs ranged from 0.48 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) to 0.83 butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP). Air levels of phthalate diesters correlated with their respective urinary metabolite concentrations for BBzP (r = 0.71), di-isobutyl phthalate (r = 0.44), and diethyl phthalate (DEP; r = 0.39). In women sampled late in pregnancy, specific gravity appeared to be more effective than creatinine in adjusting for urine dilution. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary concentrations of DEP and DEHP metabolites in pregnant women showed lower reproducibility than metabolites for di-n-butyl phthalate and BBzP. A single indoor air sample may be sufficient to characterize phthalate exposure in the home, whereas urinary phthalate biomarkers should be sampled longitudinally during pregnancy to minimize exposure misclassification. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Biomarkers
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Epidemiology
  • Occupational Health
  • Phthalic Acids
  • Pregnancy
  • Race Factors
  • Safety
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• Keywords:
  • Phthalates
  • Metabolites
  • Biomarkers
  • Epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Women
  • Pregnancy
  • Urinalysis
  • Racial factors
  • Sampling
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• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Massachusetts ; New York ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  467-473
• Volume:
  116
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054193
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2008 Apr; 116(4):467-473
• Contact Point Address:
  R.M. Whyatt, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Ave., B-109, New York, NY 10032
• Email:
  rmw5@columbia.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  • Butyl benzyl phthalate (CAS RN 85-68-7)
  • Diethyl phthalate (CAS RN 84-66-2)
  • Dioctyl phthalate (CAS RN 117-81-7)
  • Monobenzyl phthalate (CAS RN 2528-16-7)
  • Monoethyl phthalate (CAS RN 2306-33-4)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  Harvard School of Public Health
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20280630
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216805/cdc_216805_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 135.29 KB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d6b5c94e2a0f3846b71e58fda3415e5761f481f92124631520348216fe4b39c1077abb14e69b843163ec5d810787a65bb6dcf46ee5fa869563ed9e4b2d1276be