Flame Retardant Exposures in California Early Childhood Education Environments

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bradman A ; Castorina R ; Colón M ; Egeghy PP ; Gaspar F ; Jenkins PL ; Maddalena R ; McKone TE ; Nishioka M ; Weathers W ; Williams J
• Description:
  Infants and young children spend as much as 50 h per week in child care and preschool. Although approximately 13 million children, or 65% of all U.S. children, spend some time each day in early childhood education (ECE) facilities, little information is available about environmental exposures in these environments. We measured flame retardants in air and dust collected from 40 California ECE facilities between May 2010 and May 2011. Low levels of six polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and four non-PBDE flame retardants were present in air, including two constituents of Firemaster 550 and two tris phosphate compounds [tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)]. Tris phosphate, Firemaster 550 and PBDE compounds were detected in 100% of the dust samples. BDE47, BDE99, and BDE209 comprised the majority of the PBDE mass measured in dust. The median concentrations of TCEP (319 ng g-1) and TDCIPP (2265 ng g-1) were similar to or higher than any PBDE congener. Levels of TCEP and TDCIPP in dust were significantly higher in facilities with napping equipment made out of foam (Mann-Whitney p-values < 0.05). Child BDE99 dose estimates exceeded the RfD in one facility for children < 3 years old. In 51% of facilities, TDCIPP dose estimates for children < 6 years old exceeded age-specific "No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs)" based on California Proposition 65 guidelines for carcinogens. Given the overriding interest in providing safe and healthy environments for young children, additional research is needed to identify strategies to reduce indoor sources of flame retardant chemicals. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution, Indoor Dust Environmental Exposure Fires Hazardous Substances Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Child Care Chemical Hazards Children Dust Analysis Dust Exposure Dust Measurement Environmental Exposure Exposure Fire Retardants Flame Retardant Flame Retardants IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality PBDEs Toxic Materials

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• ISSN:
  0045-6535
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; North Carolina ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  61-66
• Volume:
  116
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20053712
• Citation:
  Chemosphere 2014 Dec; 116:61-66
• Contact Point Address:
  Asa Bradman, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
• Email:
  abradman@berkeley.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Dioctyl phthalate (CAS RN 117-81-7) ; Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (CAS RN 13674-87-8)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, Berkeley
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Chemosphere
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:4eff2a6bc448b70e6e6cbc8b15e31e2a736276e4ca4b5d8c98801af99be09cddf86fa1ff61a31708705d74d3f0b359da00502872a3794e85e6523b278ea9b523
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216424/cdc_216424_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 678.36 KB ]