Phthalate Exposure and Risk Assessment in California Child Care Facilities

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bradman A ; Castorina R ; Gaspar FW ; Maddalena RL ; McKone TE ; Nishioka MG
• Description:
  Approximately 13 million U.S. children less than 6 years old spend some time in early childhood education (ECE) facilities where they may be exposed to potentially harmful chemicals during critical periods of development. We measured five phthalate esters in indoor dust (n = 39) and indoor and outdoor air (n = 40 and 14, respectively) at ECE facilities in Northern California. Dust and airborne concentrations were used to perform a probabilistic health risk assessment to compare estimated exposures with risk levels established for chemicals causing reproductive toxicity and cancer under California's Proposition 65. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) were the dominant phthalates present in floor dust (medians = 172.2 and 46.8 ug/g, respectively), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) were the dominant phthalates in indoor air (medians = 0.52, 0.21, and 0.10 ug/m3, respectively). The risk assessment results indicate that 82-89% of children in California ECE had DBP exposure estimates exceeding reproductive health benchmarks. Further, 8-11% of children less than 2 years old had DEHP exposure estimates exceeding cancer benchmarks. This is the largest study to measure phthalate exposure in U.S. ECE facilities and findings indicate wide phthalate contamination and potential risk to developing children. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution, Indoor Dust Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Occupational Health Phthalic Acids Safety
• Keywords:
  Chemical Hazards Children Dust Analysis Dust Exposure Dust Measurement Environmental Exposure IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality Phthalates Toxic Materials
• ISSN:
  0013-936X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  48
• Issue:
  13
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20053700
• Citation:
  Environ Sci Technol 2014 Jul; 48(13):7593-7601
• Contact Point Address:
  Asa Bradman, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704
• Email:
  ABradman@berkeley.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Butyl benzyl phthalate (CAS RN 85-68-7) ; Dibutyl phthalate (CAS RN 84-74-2) ; Diisooctyl phthalate (CAS RN 27554-26-3) ; Dioctyl phthalate (CAS RN 117-81-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2014
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, Berkeley
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Science and Technology
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:63f8525c7fa99b58b2e94beff2f659c2fa914e0c5f8a32a4273b7cf0641589caf1970d83335a891a8aa44385323b8640eef2c8d5c6fa46f3a640efb75c9ad6ea
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216413/cdc_216413_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 340.61 KB ]