Thermal Runaway Pressures of Iron Phosphate Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Free Space Within Sealed Enclosures

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barone T ; Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. Jr. ; Thomas R ; Yuan L ; Zlochower I
• Description:
  Mining vehicle manufacturers are developing lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery electric vehicles as an alternative to diesel-powered vehicles. In gassy underground mines, explosion-proof (XP) enclosures are commonly used to enclose electrical ignition sources to prevent propagation of an internal methane (CH4)-air explosion to a surrounding explosive atmosphere. Li-ion batteries can create pressurized explosions within sealed enclosures due to thermal runaway (TR). Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) measured TR pressures of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells as a function of free space within sealed enclosures and observed an inverse power relationship. A well-confined cell produced 294 bar (4,260 psia) of pressure during a TR, far exceeding minimum pressure containment specifications for conventional XP enclosures. Results indicate that enough free space surrounding LFP cells can reduce TR pressures to levels below that expected for CH4-air mixtures. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Automobiles Mining Occupational Health Safety Temperature
• Keywords:
  Batteries Electrical Equipment Enclosed Cabs Equipment Design Equipment Testing Explosive Atmospheres Explosive Devices Explosive Hazards Ignition Sources Iron Compounds Lithium Lithium Compounds Mining Equipment Motor Vehicle Parts Motor Vehicles Pressure Testing Thermal Effects

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• Series:
  Mining Publications
• Publisher:
  Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  Arizona ; Colorado ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 8 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  PMRD - Pittsburgh Mining Research Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20059707
• Citation:
  MineXchange: 2020 SME Annual Conference & Expo, February 23-26, 2020, Phoenix, Arizona, preprint 20-051. Englewood, CO: Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2020 Feb; :1-5
• Contact Point Address:
  T. H. Dubaniewicz, NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ferrous lithium phosphate (CAS RN 15365-14-7) ; Iron (CAS RN 7439-89-6) ; Lithium (CAS RN 7439-93-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Mining
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  MineXchange: 2020 SME Annual Conference & Expo, February 23-26, 2020, Phoenix, Arizona, preprint 20-051
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0d5a9d9f906e071acc88598de2791d42b4d6da8df3d733596225bd365d8edda7a4ec47e0bdc7c6a22ca656506facdf58a8115bea7b30d86c018958ae79ec1489
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215276/cdc_215276_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 327.95 KB ]