A Comparative Investigation of the Effects of Water, Ethanol and Water/Ethanol Mixtures on Chemical Partitioning into Porcine Stratum Corneum and Permeability in Porcine Skin

Details

• Personal Author:
  Riviere JE ; Van der Merwe D
• Description:
  The effects of vehicles on transdermal skin absorption is a critical factor in determining risk from skin exposure to toxins and for assessing the transdermal route for drug delivery. Water and ethanol are commonly used solvents in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. 0%, 50% and 100% aqueous ethanol solutions were used as solvents for radio labeled phenol, 4-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, nonylphenol, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, triazine, atrazine, simazine and propazine. The porcine stratum corneum/solvent partitioning coefficients of these compounds were estimated. Permeability in porcine skin of these compounds in the same solutions was estimated using flow-through diffusion cells. Partitioning into the stratum corneum was highest when water was used as a solvent across all compounds. Partitioning from 50% ethanol was higher than from 100% ethanol, except for ethyl parathion, atrazine and propazine. Stratum corneum partitioning was significantly correlated with octanol/water partitioning. Divergence between octanol/water partitioning and stratum corneum/solvent partitioning became wider in 50% and 100% ethanol as the octanol/water partitioning coefficient increased. This divergence was more marked in 100% ethanol than in 50% ethanol. Correlation also existed between molecular weight and stratum corneum partitioning, but with a lower significance. Stratum corneum partitioning was not correlated with porcine skin permeability. It was concluded that chemical partitioning into the stratum corneum from water and aqueous ethanol solutions is dependent on differences in thermodynamic activity between the solvent and stratum corneum. Among the compounds tested, stratum corneum partitioning can be predicted using the compound's physico-chemical properties, but stratum corneum partitioning does not predict skin permeability. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Biopharmaceutics Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Dermal Absorption Dermal Exposures Ethanol Pharmaceuticals Skin Absorption Skin Exposure
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Publisher:
  Society of Toxicology
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  78
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20057910
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2004 Mar; 78(S-1):326
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ethanol (CAS RN 64-17-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2004
• NORA Priority Area:
  Work Environment and Workforce: Mixed Exposures
• Performing Organization:
  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20010601
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 43nd Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 21-25, 2004, Baltimore, Maryland
• Supplement:
  S-1
• End Date:
  20100331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:386f4a5ee24c6e3a7b50a931615f9951d98e74c2e9a246f446862b28ffc0393de3b0f0cb6c35aeabd5c040b6d91b74ee5118d16082a6504cb143afebfce85374
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215114/cdc_215114_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 79.80 KB ]