Absorption of Ethanol, Acetone, Benzene and 1,2-Dichloroethane Through Human Skin In Vitro: A Test of Diffusion Model Predictions

Details

• Personal Author:
  Gajjar RM ; Kasting GB
• Description:
  The overall goal of this research was to further develop and improve an existing skin diffusion model by experimentally confirming the predicted absorption rates of topically-applied volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on their physicochemical properties, the skin surface temperature, and the wind velocity. In vitro human skin permeation of two hydrophilic solvents (acetone and ethanol) and two lipophilic solvents (benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane) was studied in Franz cells placed in a fume hood. Four doses of each 14C-radiolabed compound were tested - 5, 10, 20, and 40 uL cm- 2, corresponding to specific doses ranging in mass from 5.0 to 63 mg cm- 2. The maximum percentage of radiolabel absorbed into the receptor solutions for all test conditions was 0.3%. Although the absolute absorption of each solvent increased with dose, percentage absorption decreased. This decrease was consistent with the concept of a stratum corneum deposition region, which traps small amounts of solvent in the upper skin layers, decreasing the evaporation rate. The diffusion model satisfactorily described the cumulative absorption of ethanol; however, values for the other VOCs were underpredicted in a manner related to their ability to disrupt or solubilize skin lipids. In order to more closely describe the permeation data, significant increases in the stratum corneum/water partition coefficients, Ksc, and modest changes to the diffusion coefficients, Dsc, were required. The analysis provided strong evidence for both skin swelling and barrier disruption by VOCs, even by the minute amounts absorbed under these in vitro test conditions. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Acetone Lipids Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption Volatile Organic Compounds
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Dermal Absorption Dermal Exposures Diffusion Model Ethanol Evaporation Humans Percutaneous Absorption Skin Absorption Skin Disposition VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds

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• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  109-117
• Volume:
  281
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20056134
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014 Nov; 281(1):109-117
• Contact Point Address:
  Gerald B. Kasting, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, P.O. Box 670004, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0004, USA
• Email:
  Gerald.Kasting@uc.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  1,2-Dichloroethane (CAS RN 107-06-2) ; Acetone (CAS RN 67-64-1) ; Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2) ; Ethanol (CAS RN 64-17-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20020901
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• End Date:
  20130731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:03fe12bc711734e523c18b7041035e3a03d557a9fa50b1b3d551f9b89343e33dda92745b4e72a9eff45248a3de046e252ea4b4a8c5f0b44c1331fa41596c0f6d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213799/cdc_213799_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 591.97 KB ]