Viability of Cultured Primary Human Skin Cells Treated with HDI Monomer and HDI Isocyanurate

Details

• Personal Author:
  Nylander-French LA ; Nylander-French LA
• Description:
  The monomer and oligomer, 1,6 hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and HDI isocyanurate, respectively, are components in sprayed polyurethane coatings. Exposure via the lungs and skin can lead to sensitization and chemically induced asthma. Much research has focused on effects of exposure on respiratory and immune cells. Using the luminescent ATP-viability assay (CellTiter-Glo, Promega, Madison, WI), we have studied the effect of a 4-h exposure to HDI monomer or HDI isocyanurate on the viability of three types of cultured primary human skins cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes) from several individuals to determine inter-individual variation and cell-type specific toxicity. Preliminary LD50s (50% lethal dose) of HDI- and isocyanurate-treated cells in unsupplemented culture medium range from 302000 M for the HDI monomer and 0.7 M for the oligomer. Similarly, published IC20 (20% inhibitory concentration) data using HDI-treated respiratory and immune cancer cells lines range 40500 M. Aerosolized paints typically contain 1% HDI monomer, which is the equivalent of 60 mM, The lethal doses in cultured cells are well below observed exposure concentrations in occupational settings and, thus, the in vitro data may predict dermatologic health issues with occupational exposures to the monomer. HDI isocyanurate, which can make up to 96% of sprayed polyurethane coatings, may be more toxic than the HDI monomer due to its extra reactive NCO group, and the much greater potential for exposure may make it a more significant health problem. HDI isocyanurate constitutes the largest inhalation and skin exposure and has been shown to possess a greater sensitizing capacity than HDI monomer. Further, HDI isocyanurate penetrates the skin faster than HDI monomer. Our dose/response data obtained with normal human cell cultures indicate that skin cell sensitivity to death by HDI varies among individuals but not between cell types from the same individual. We have also observed a hormesis effect at very low doses in some individuals. Our data will aid understanding of individual sensitivity to diisocyanate exposure as well as the relative risk associated with different diisocyanate forms. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Cytotoxins Isocyanates Occupational Health Safety Skin
• Keywords:
  Biological Effects Cytotoxicity Dermal Exposures Diisocyanates Dose Response Exposure Assessment Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Humans Skin Irritants Toxic Effects
• ISBN:
  9781510847248
• Publisher:
  International Society of Exposure Science
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary ; Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Volume:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20052362
• Citation:
  26th Annual Conference of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES 2016): Interdisciplinary Approaches for Health and the Environment, October 9-13, 2016, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ottawa, Canada: International Society of Exposure Science, 2016 Oct; 1:Tu-Po-45
• CAS Registry Number:
  Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0) ; Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20140901
• Source Full Name:
  26th Annual Conference of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES 2016): Interdisciplinary Approaches for Health and the Environment, October 9-13, 2016, Utrecht, The Netherlands
• End Date:
  20170831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:58e73f04fdf970f5ab46ee72145f6a456d31d5d71c5a4088711631e35b32a901c9aa4f491eed3e3b5de72914763f8bd9c911b11fccccaea2d8733df9d18a6dd1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211901/cdc_211901_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 102.29 KB ]