Details:

Alternative Title:
PLoS One
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075289
Personal Author:
Zhang, Zefeng ; Cogswell, Mary E. ; Gillespie, Cathleen ; Fang, Jing ; Loustalot, Fleetwood ; ... More +
Zhang, Zefeng ; Cogswell, Mary E. ; Gillespie, Cathleen ; Fang, Jing ; Loustalot, Fleetwood ; Dai, Shifan ; Carriquiry, Alicia L. ; Kuklina, Elena V. ; Hong, Yuling ; Merritt, Robert ; Yang, Quanhe Less -
Description:
Objectives

Studies indicate high sodium and low potassium intake can increase blood pressure suggesting the ratio of sodium-to-potassium may be informative. Yet, limited studies examine the association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure and hypertension.

Methods

We analyzed data on 10,563 participants aged ≥20 years in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were neither taking anti-hypertensive medication nor on a low sodium diet. We used measurement error models to estimate usual intakes, multivariable linear regression to assess their associations with blood pressure, and logistic regression to assess their associations with hypertension.

Results

The average usual intakes of sodium, potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3,569 mg/d, 2,745 mg/d, and 1.41, respectively. All three measures were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.04 mmHg (95% CI, 0.27–1.82) and a decrease of 1.24 mmHg (95% CI, 0.31–2.70) per 1,000 mg/d increase in sodium or potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 1.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.12–1.98) per 0.5 unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. The adjusted odds ratios for hypertension were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.07–1.83), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05–1.61), respectively, comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual intake of sodium, potassium or sodium-to-potassium ratio.

Conclusions

Our results provide population-based evidence that concurrent higher sodium and lower potassium consumption are associated with hypertension.


Subject:
[+]
Adult
Blood Pressure
Female
Humans
Hypertension
Male
Middle Aged
Potassium, Dietary
Research Article
Sodium, Dietary
Young Adult

Source:
PLoS One. 2013; 8(10).
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
3R01HL091024-02S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:13400ee6df5ba4dbb2693b055371a44e3ccd6a26949fdabd4178ed097b85682f
File Type:

Supporting Files

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