Toxicological Interactions of Chemical Mixtures

Details

• Personal Author:
  Yang RSH
• Description:
  Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld once said (Shermer 2005), regarding intelligence reports, "There are known knowns. There are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns That is to say, we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns the ones we don't know we don't know." Rumsfeld's wisdom on intelligence appears to apply perfectly to the state of chemical mixture toxicology. Among the three categories, the unknown unknowns are the ones chat we worry about the most in the area of chemical mixture toxicology. In July 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevenrion (CDC) released its Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (CDC 2005). This Third Report, similar to its two predecessors but with expanded effort contains exposure data for the U.S. population for 148 environmental chemicals over the period 2001 - 02. It also included the results from the 1999- 2000 exposure data in the Second Report. The sample size in the Third Report, in general, ranges from a few hundreds to a few thousands, with a low of 210 samples for l,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-occachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (OCDD) analyses and a high of 8945 for cadmium or lead analyses. With such large sample size, as well as the obviously meticulous work, the published results undoubtedly represent the general U.S. population. Like the earlier reports, the CDC went out its way to emphasize that "the measurement of an environmental chemical in a person's blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes disease." This statement, cautious from the point of view of a governmental agency responsible for public health, does not offer much comfort in explaining what is the significance of the presence of one or more of such chemicals in our body. Given the fact that the 148 chemicals analyzed in the serum or urine samples were from the same individuals, an even more important question to ask is: What is the toxicological significance of the presence of such a 'cocktail' (mixture) of chemicals in our body? [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biochemistry Carcinogens Environmental Exposure Occupational Health Radiation Dosimeters Risk Assessment Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Biochemical Analysis Biological Effects Chemical Kinetics Dose Response Dosimetry Exposure Levels Humans Models Molecular Biology Nanotoxicology Physiological Response Risk Analysis

  More +
• ISBN:
  9780080468846
• Publisher:
  John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  Colorado ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 8
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  179-202
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20052196
• Citation:
  Comprehensive toxicology, 2nd edition. McQueen CA, ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2010 Jan; :179-202
• Editor(s):
  McQueen CA
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Research Tools and Approaches: Risk Assessment Methods
• Performing Organization:
  Colorado State University - Fort Collins
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010601
• Source Full Name:
  Comprehensive toxicology, 2nd edition
• End Date:
  20040531
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d9cd686c35fcb728f5931d1e112edf927ec302dc2c0da10eb8b6e65fe04e3edd00527f6f278fde3d196912622265c5f401d9a1d23c3a0076738086fea8b92894
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211766/cdc_211766_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.09 MB ]