Mixtures

Details

• Personal Author:
  Andersen ME ; Yang RSH
• Description:
  Human exposure to chemicals is rarely, if ever, confined to a single compound.Therefore, the study of chemical mixture toxicology has gained a great deal of momentum in tbe last two decades. Studying chemical mixtures is an extremely complex task because of the astronomical number of possible combinations. Such numbers certainly preclude any systematic experimental assessment of toxicology of all potentially troublesome chemical mixtures. In the past 15 years or so, physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling has been applied to the toxicological interactions of chemical mixtures. As is generally the case in the evolution of a new area, the progress in the application of PBPK modeling co chemical mixtures has followed different phases from simple binary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions to more and more complex mixtures. First, PBPK modeling of binary chemical mixtures became necessary because of pharmacological or toxicological interactions. Second, as investigators became interested in mechanisms of toxicological in teractions, the advances of physiologically based pharmacodynamic (PBPD) modeling formed a natural course of development of this area. Third, when more and more sophistication was incorporated into PBPK modeling, it is inevitable that PBPK modeling of complex chemical mixtures were attempted and novel approaches developed. Since 1996 when the Food Quality and Protection Act was enacted, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). under the Congressional mandate, began active consideration of cumulative risk assessment. Out of necessity, toxicological interactions must be taken into consideration. Thus, the application of PBPK modeling in cumulative risk assessment has become an active area of research endeavor (US EPA 2003). [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biochemistry Carcinogens Occupational Health Radiation Dosimeters Risk Assessment Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Biochemical Analysis Biological Effects Chemical Kinetics Dose Response Dosimetry Humans Models Molecular Biology Pharmacodynamics Physiological Response Risk Analysis

  More +
• ISBN:
  9780471478140
• Publisher:
  John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  Colorado ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 8
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  349-373
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20052195
• Citation:
  Physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling: science and applications. Reddy MB, Yang RHS, Clewell HJ III, Andersen ME, eds. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005 Jun; :349-373
• Editor(s):
  Reddy MB; Yang RHS; Clewell HJ III; Andersen ME
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2005
• NORA Priority Area:
  Research Tools and Approaches: Risk Assessment Methods
• Performing Organization:
  Colorado State University - Fort Collins
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010601
• Source Full Name:
  Physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling: science and applications
• End Date:
  20040531
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c4e57d657d20e376cf03af26bb5139038f63fb20f271defe30c2b418a3578736cb6d2dd6bdb3bc18b9275e605e4bf72e730bdddc8fa282a51d6c82cadf479eaf
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211765/cdc_211765_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.18 MB ]