An Evaluation of the Relationship Among Urine, Air, and Hand Measures of Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) in US Manufacturing Workers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Arnold JE ; Calafat, Antonia M. ; Christianson AL ; Hines CJ ; Jackson MV ; Pretty JR ; Ye X
• Description:
  Background: Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can be assessed using external and internal exposure measures. We examined the relationship between two measures of external BPA exposure (air and hand-wipe samples) and one of internal exposure (total BPA in urine) for a group of US manufacturing workers. Methods: During 2013-2014, we recruited 78 workers from six US companies that made BPA or made products with BPA. We quantified BPA in seven urine samples, two full-shift air samples and in pre- and end-shift hand-wipe samples collected from workers over 2 consecutive days. We examined correlations between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total BPA (total BPACR) and BPA levels in air and hand wipes using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We also applied mixed-effects regression models to examine the relationship between total BPACR with BPA in air (urine air model) and with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (urine hand model), separately and together (urine air+hand model), after adjusting for covariates. Results: End-shift total BPACR strongly correlated with BPA in air (rp = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and nearly as strongly with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (rp = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In mixed-effect models, BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were significantly and positively associated with end-shift total BPACR (P < 0.0001 each). We found a significant effect of the Day 1 BPA air concentration on Day 2 total BPACR (P = 0.0104). When BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were in the same model, the air concentration (P < 0.0001) was more significant than the hand-wipe level (P = 0.0106). Conclusion: BPA levels in air and end-shift hand wipes strongly correlated with total BPACR, suggesting that both inhalation and dermal contract were likely exposure routes; however, inhalation, on average, appeared to be a more dominant exposure route than dermal contact for these manufacturing workers. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Environmental Monitoring Manufacturing And Industrial Facilities Occupational Health Safety Skin Urine
• Keywords:
  Air Contaminants Air Sampling Author Keywords: Air Sampling Biological Monitoring Bisphenol A Dermal Exposure Assessment Dermal Exposures Exposure Assessment Exposure Assessment - Mixed Models Manufacturing
• ISSN:
  2398-7308
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5 ; South Carolina
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies ; DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  62
• Issue:
  7
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20051733
• Citation:
  Ann Work Expo Health 2018 Aug; 62(7):840-851
• Contact Point Address:
  Cynthia J. Hines, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
• Email:
  chines@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (CAS RN 80-05-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Work Exposures and Health
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:2af4e41b080ab3f6f298d2400094b612d3d91eb05f6883e284e85ab270fd7a651c277b3b1448e1a48ce0d3806320483b1449206f707c3d981c4cb974a6092b7d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211531/cdc_211531_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 370.36 KB ]