Consideration of Physical Stressors in Cumulative Risk Assessment

Details

• Personal Author:
  Morata, Thais C. ; Rider CV ; Selgrade MK ; Sexton K
• Description:
  Physical stressors represent an important class of factors that can affect the health of humans or ecosystems and should be considered in cumulative risk assessment. Physical stressors are defined here as biological agents (e.g., bacteria, viruses) or external forces (e.g., radiation, noise) that can modify exposure and/or elicit a physiological response from the exposed organism. Physical stressors can intersect with chemical stressors in at least three ways: (1) by directly interacting with chemicals to modify exposure (e.g., photoreactions of sunlight with air pollution), (2) by interacting with the same target system as a chemical stressor to elicit joint effects (e.g., noise and chemicals can both affect the physiological mechanism leading to hearing disorders), and (3) by interacting with the target system to alter its susceptibility or response to chemical exposure (e.g., virus-initiated disease leading to hyper-responsiveness to chemical insult). In this chapter, physical stressors will be discussed in terms of their actions on biological systems, modification of exposure or effects of chemical stressors, and suggestions for incorporation into cumulative risk assessment. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Communicable Diseases Hot Temperature Hypersensitivity Noise Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Temperature Viral Diseases
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Sunlight Bacteria Biological Agents Biological Stressor Biological Systems Chemical Hypersensitivity Chemicals Cumulative Trauma Diseases Ecological Systems Environmental Stress Heat Heat Exposure Infectious Diseases Nonchemical Stressors Pathogens Photochemical Reactions Physical Stress Physiological Effects Physiological Response Physiology Radiant Energy Radiation Effects Radiation Exposure Risk Assessment Risk Factors Solar Energy Stress Synergistic Effects Target Organs Temperature Effects Ultraviolet Light Viral Infections

  More +
• ISBN:
  9783319562322
• Publisher:
  Springer International Publishing AG
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  467-492
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20051478
• Citation:
  Chemical mixtures and combined chemical and nonchemical stressors: exposure, toxicity, analysis, and risk. Rider CV, Simmons JE, eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018 Feb; :467-492
• Contact Point Address:
  Cynthia V. Rider, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
• Email:
  cynthia.rider@nih.gov
• Editor(s):
  Rider CV; Simmons JE
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Chemical mixtures and combined chemical and nonchemical stressors: exposure, toxicity, analysis, and risk
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:636db84105ea29f9966f9caf6a1b61ff926497048b250d0e3192a08fcfad7e517b96cc3a7fdb03d6d0de85803a026fae68a474ec1bcad94078f7d6e94ac48389
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211412/cdc_211412_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 282.19 KB ]