Three Dimensional (3D) Printer Emission-Induced Cell Toxicity

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bowers L ; Farcas M ; Hammond, Duane R. ; Knepp A ; Qi C ; Qian Y ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
• Description:
  Three dimensional (3-D) printing with polymer thermoplastics is known to emit millions to billions of ultrafine particles (diameter <100 nm) and volatile organic compounds that are formed by thermal decomposition and/or vaporization and condensation of the filament. There is a paucity of data on potential toxicity of these emissions. As such, we generated emissions from a commercially available 3-D printer while operating with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments in a 0.5 m3 environmental chamber. Particles were collected into serum free cell culture media using a liquid impinger sampler and the size and number concentration determined using nanoparticle tracking analysis. The mean sizes of PC and ABS-emitted particles in cell culture media were 160 +/- 57 nm and 181 +/- 21 nm, respectively. To determine the cytotoxicity of 3-D printer emissions, human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 1.5 × 104 cells per well and treated for 24 h with 1 x 108 particles/ml from PC and ABS emissions, followed by the cellular viability assays. The results showed that the exposures of PC and ABS emissions to SAEC significantly decreased the cell viability by 67% and 31%, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the exposure of the PC emission significantly induced more toxicity than that of the ABS emission. Our preliminary data indicate that the emissions generated by 3-D PC and ABS filaments induce a toxic response in SAEC, and the emission of the PC filaments is significantly more toxic than that of the ABS filaments. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the mechanisms of 3-D printer emission-induced cellular toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Cells, Cultured Cytotoxins Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Plastics Polymers Printing Printing, Three-Dimensional Respiratory System Safety Toxicology Volatile Organic Compounds

  More +
• Keywords:
  3D 3D Printing Analytical Processes Cell Cultures Cell Culture Techniques Cell Damage Cellular Effects Cytotoxic Effects Cytotoxicity Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Inhalation Lung Cells Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Nanotoxicology Particle Counters Particle Size Printer-emitted Particles Printers Thermal Decomposition Thermal Properties Three Dimensional Three Dimensional Printing Toxic Effects Toxic Materials Ultrafine Particles Ultrafine Particulates VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds Volatiles

  More +
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division ; DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  162
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20051267
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2018 Mar; 162(1):433
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (CAS RN 9003-56-9) ; Polycarbonates (CAS RN 25766-59-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 57th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 11-15, 2018, San Antonio, Texas
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c05e0f2ca1b617645b5cb2e4d243d72685f47616a8cf6dee0dd14a27d71ba8e16f1f7b02117804be02674538289f5022a6dc00f520474f216cb21e6478359af4
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211324/cdc_211324_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 833.01 KB ]