Evaluation of 1-Nitropyrene as a Surrogate Measure for Diesel Exhaust: Assessment of Personal Air Monitoring Data from an Underground Mine

Details

• Personal Author:
  Carpenter E ; Dhakal S ; Paulsen M ; Seixas, Noah S. ; Sheppard L ; Simpson C ; Spear T ; Stephenson D
• Description:
  Objectives: We will investigate the hypothesis that 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) concentration in air is a viable surrogate measure of diesel exhaust exposure, as compared with industry-standard elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) measurements. 1-NP content in personal air samples was measured for a cohort of underground miners and compared with measures of Elemental Carbon (EC), Organic Carbon (OC), and Total Carbon (TC) in the same samples. Methods: Personal exposure data were collected on a cohort of 20 employees at a large underground metal mine during 4 different sample campaigns. Full-shift personal sampling was conducted using both an MSHA compliant SKC DPM impactor downstream of a GS-1 cyclone pre-filter, and a PTFE filter downstream of a GS-3 cyclone. Each DPM filter element was analyzed for EC and OC using NIOSH method 5040. Each PTFE filter was extracted with methylene chloride and analyzed for 1-NP using an LC/MS/MS method. Additionally, after EC and OC analysis each DPM filter was extracted with methylene chloride and analyzed for 1-NP using the LC/MS/MS method. Results: 1-NP analysis of data from nine cascade impactors indicates that the smallest size fraction of particles, <0.25 um, contains a majority of 1-NP mass (90% average). Regression analysis of 1-NP vs. EC yields an 8.7% increase in geometric mean (GM) 1-NP for each 10% increase in GM EC (p<0.001), and a 10.9% and 13.3% increase in GM 1-NP per 10% increase in GM OC and TC (p=0.007 & p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: 1-NP is found primarily in the respirable particles <0.25 um, consistent with the known size distribution of diesel exhaust particles. The MSHA compliant SKC DPM impactor has a cut-point of 0.8 um, and is expected to capture the majority of 1-NP-containing particles present in the mine. Additionally, 1-NP was found to be associated with EC, OC, and TC in personal air samples. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Carcinogens Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Mining Occupational Health Particulate Matter Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Vehicle Emissions Workplace

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• Keywords:
  1-Nitropyrene Air Monitoring Air Sampling Biological Effects Biological Function Diesel Emissions Diesel Exhausts Exposure Levels Filters Health Effects Health Hazards Metal Mining Methylene Chloride Miners Mining Equipment Mining Industry Monitoring Systems Particle Size Particulates Risk Factors Sampling Underground Miners Underground Mines Underground Mining Work Environment Workers

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• Publisher:
  American Industrial Hygiene Association
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Idaho ; Montana ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 8 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  18
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20049730
• Citation:
  AIHce 2015: American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 30 - June 4, 2015, Salt Lake City, Utah. Falls Church, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2015 May; :18
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Nitropyrene (CAS RN 5522-43-0) ; Carbon (CAS RN 7440-44-0) ; Dichloromethane (CAS RN 75-09-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20130901
• Source Full Name:
  AIHce 2015: American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 30 - June 4, 2015, Salt Lake City, Utah
• End Date:
  20150831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e8798331035d9fd9fbf2682d2956019a7aac66882e8a176a99d9f42e2642fedd3c0431894ba9e20d661c86a58815afeabd4fdbd33fbf9f528907cbd1476bacf2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/210372/cdc_210372_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.11 MB ]