Relationships of Residential Distance to Greenhouse Floriculture and Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, and Neonicotinoid Urinary Metabolite Concentration in Ecuadorian Adolescents

Details

• Personal Author:
  Checkoway, Harvey ; Chronister BNC ; de la Cruz F ; Gahagan S ; Jankowska MM ; Kayser GL ; Lopez-Paredes D ; Suarez-Lopez JR ; Suarez-Torres J
• Description:
  Background: Adolescents living in agricultural areas are at higher risk of secondary pesticide exposure; however, there is limited evidence to confirm exposure by pesticide drift for greenhouse floriculture, like rose production. Methods: 525 adolescents (12-17, 49% male) living in Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador were assessed in 2016. Urinary concentrations of creatinine and pesticide biomarkers (organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and pyrethroids) were measured using mass-spectrometry. Home distance to the nearest greenhouse and surface area of greenhouses within various buffer sizes around the home were calculated. Linear regression assessed whether home distance and surface area of greenhouses was associated with creatinine-adjusted metabolite concentration, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric variables. Geospatially weighted regression (GWR) was conducted, adjusting for similar covariates. Getis-ord Gi* identified hot and cold spots using a 1994 m distance band. Results: The associations between residential distance to greenhouses and urinary pesticide metabolites differed by metabolite type. The adjusted mean concentrations of OHIM (neonicotinoid) were greater (p-difference = 0.02) among participants living within 200 m (1.08 ug/g of creatinine) vs > 200 m (0.64 ug/g); however, the opposite was observed for 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, organophosphate; 0-200 m: 3.63 ug/g vs > 200 m: 4.30 ug/g, p-diff = 0.05). In linear models, greater distances were negatively associated with para-nitrophenol (PNP, organophosphate; percent difference per 50% greater distance [95% CI]: - 2.5% [- 4.9%, - 0.1%]) and somewhat with 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy, organophosphate; - 4.0% [- 8.3%, 0.4%]), among participants living within 200 m of greenhouses. Concurring with the adjusted means analyses, opposite (positive) associations were observed for TCPy (2.1% [95%CI 0.3%, 3.9%]). Organophosphate and pyrethroid hotspots were found in parishes with greater greenhouse density, whereas neonicotinoid hot spots were in parishes with the lowest greenhouse density. Conclusion: We observed negative associations between residential distance to greenhouses with OHIM, PNP and to some extent IMPy, suggesting that imidacloprid, parathion and diazinon are drifting from floricultural greenhouses and reaching children living within 200 m. Positive TCPy associations suggest greenhouses weren't the chlorpyrifos source during this study period, which implies that non-floricultural open-air agriculture (e.g. corn, potatoes, strawberries, grains) may be a source. Further research incorporating diverse geospatial constructs of pesticide sources, pesticide use reports (if available), participant location tracking, and repeated metabolite measurements is recommended. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Biomarkers Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Insecticides Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Adolescents Author Keywords: Pesticides Children Environmental Exposure Exposure Assessment Exposure Measurement Geospatial Analysis Geostatistics Pesticides And Agricultural Chemicals Urinary Metabolites
• ISSN:
  1476-072X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Chicago Region [OSHA] ; Minnesota ; San Francisco Region [OSHA]
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  9
• Volume:
  24
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20070863
• Citation:
  Int J Health Geogr 2025 Apr; 24:9
• Contact Point Address:
  Jose R. Suarez-Lopez, The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
• Email:
  jrsuarez@health.ucsd.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2025
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20070930
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Health Geographics
• End Date:
  20090531
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b7c0f4e8e6764c2fcac1d825bfb13a8d680c1bc064f943f18bc87fc6ec42a30029c48fe63d43182e9695314cfa862d012968704ee88f8757b3e26deaa7c25d56
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/208992/cdc_208992_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.52 MB ]