Factors Affecting Chlorinated Product Formation from Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach and Limonene Reactions in the Gas Phase

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baughman NN ; Ham JE ; Walsh CM ; Wells JR
• Description:
  During use of sodium hypochlorite bleach, gas-phase hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chlorine (Cl2) are released, which can react with organic compounds present in indoor air. Reactivity between HOCl/Cl2 and limonene, a common constituent of indoor air, has been observed. The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical species generated from gas-phase reactions between HOCl/Cl2 and limonene. Gas-phase reactions were prepared in Teflon chambers housing HOCl, Cl2, and limonene. The resulting chemical products were analyzed using gas-phase preconcentration, followed by gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Several chlorinated products were detected, including limonene species containing one, two, and three chlorines and limonene chlorohydrin. Product concentrations and yields were estimated for the most abundant products, and greater than 80% of transformed limonene was represented in the detected products. Temporal sampling of the reactions allowed time courses to be plotted for limonene decay and chlorinated limonene product generation under different conditions, including the treatments of HOCl/Cl2, Cl2 only, high vs low relative humidity, and +/- ozone. These experiments add product speciation, yield estimates, and an understanding of environmental factors affecting product formation to previous studies, further highlighting the chemical transformations initiated by sodium hypochlorite bleach in indoor air. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Disinfectants Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Chemical Reactions Chlorine Compounds Cleaning Compounds Gas Chromatography Indoor Environments Limonene Mass Spectrometry
• ISSN:
  2837-1402
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Philadelphia Region [OSHA] ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  1
• Issue:
  10
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20070219
• Citation:
  ACS EST Air 2024 Oct; 1(10):1317-1328
• Contact Point Address:
  Callee M. Walsh, Chemical and Biological Monitoring Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
• Email:
  qqf2@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Limonene (CAS RN 138-86-3) ; Sodium hypochlorite (CAS RN 7681-52-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2025
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  ACS ES&T Air
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:faaa29c819cad7c3413057e486b48cba04deed6a2d876116b571b9d492da68bdd2151f94a41210c0a5682e2944c2f616507808ea61020fc39980bd1d7dc67130
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/208472/cdc_208472_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.12 MB ]