Pulmonary Evaluation of Whole-Body Inhalation Exposure of Polycarbonate (PC) Filament 3D Printer Emissions in Rats

Details

• Personal Author:
  Battelli L ; Farcas MT ; Friend SA ; Kashon M ; Knepp AK ; Lebouf RF ; Mandler WK ; Mattheson J ; McKinney W ; Qian Y ; Service S ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. ; Thomas TA
• Description:
  During fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing with polycarbonate (PC) filament, a release of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs. This study aimed to determine PC filament printing emission-induced toxicity in rats via whole-body inhalation exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single concentration (0.529 mg/m3, 40 nm mean diameter) of the 3D PC filament emissions in a time-course via whole body inhalation for 1, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days (4 hr/day, 4 days/week), and sacrificed 24 hr after the last exposure. Following exposures, rats were assessed for pulmonary and systemic responses. To determine pulmonary injury, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, surfactant proteins A and D, total as well as lavage fluid differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined, as well as histopathological analysis of lung and nasal passages was performed. To determine systemic injury, hematological differentials, and blood biomarkers of muscle, metabolic, renal, and hepatic functions were also measured. Results showed that inhalation exposure induced no marked pulmonary or systemic toxicity in rats. In conclusion, inhalation exposure of rats to a low concentration of PC filament emissions produced no significant pulmonary or systemic toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Animals Lung Occupational Health Printing, Three-Dimensional Respiratory System Safety Volatile Organic Compounds
• Keywords:
  3D Printing Additive Manufacturing Animal Studies Author Keywords: 3D Printer Emitted Nanoparticles Inhalation Studies Inhalation Toxicology Printer Emissions Pulmonary Effects Pulmonary Toxicity Systemic Markers Thermal Decomposition Thermoplastics Three Dimensional Printing Ultrafine Particulates VOC VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  325-341
• Volume:
  87
• Issue:
  8
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20069218
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024 Apr; 87(8):325-341
• Contact Point Address:
  Yong Qian, Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Fredrick Lane, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
• Email:
  yaq2@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Polycarbonates (CAS RN 25766-59-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2024
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d7a21feee81cd65836335627b778b3c33108c85f0c942c18abb44dbf1dff07d249adb5d98d5f0bf324056d4a96875ac3de3b701d72bc6f1f18d1f74be5b17266
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/207741/cdc_207741_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.95 MB ]