Predicting Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds Resulting from Desktop 3D Printer Operation and the Impact of Potential Control Strategies

Details

• Personal Author:
  Azimi P ; Fazil T ; Stephens B
• Description:
  Recent studies have shown that potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) are emitted from many desktop three-dimensional printer and filament combinations. We use recently published measurements of UFP and speciated VOC emission rates from a number of desktop 3D printers and filaments to predict the magnitudes of human exposures to airborne pollutants that would be expected in multiple locations within a typical small office environment. We also model the impacts of several control strategies for reducing occupational exposures. Results demonstrate that UFP and VOC concentrations within close or moderate proximity (i.e., within 3 and 3 to 18 meters, respectively) to some desktop 3D printer and filament combinations with the highest emissions can exceed recommended exposure levels (RELs) for some VOCs and typical indoor concentrations for both UFPs and VOCs. Concentrations of caprolactam within close proximity to a printer using some nylon-based filaments are predicted to exceed both acute and chronic RELs set by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. UFP concentrations are predicted to reach as high as 80,000 particles per cubic centimeter in close proximity to the highest emitting printer and filament combinations. The printer and filament combinations with the lowest UFP and VOC emission rates are not expected to yield concentrations at levels of concern. The most effective control strategies for reducing both UFP and VOC concentrations included installing a high-flow spot ventilation system and operating the printer in a sealed enclosure with high-efficiency gas and particle filtration. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Occupational Health Printing, Three-Dimensional Safety Volatile Organic Compounds
• Keywords:
  3D Printing Air Pollutants Air Pollution Author Keywords: Air Emissions Buildings Control Methods Environmental Health Exposure Assessment Indoor Air Quality Office Environments Printer-emitted Particles Three Dimensional Printing Ultrafine Particles VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds

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• ISSN:
  1088-1980
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Illinois ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  21
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20069051
• Citation:
  J Ind Ecol 2017 Nov; 21(S1):S107-S119
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr. Brent Stephens, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Alumni Memorial Hall Room 228, 3201 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL
• Email:
  brent@iit.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• Performing Organization:
  Illinois Institute of Technology
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20140901
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Industrial Ecology
• End Date:
  20160831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:17a1ead97e6864a6b6ee8adf915a9a78a51650ba7efd6b8c75a6510d463d84c3b3b52816adde9fd1049f0a1c3c2aca201769e57bef1c3549f3b24dc34ea42a6e
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/207601/cdc_207601_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.39 MB ]