Particle activity and in vivo pulmonary response to freshly milled and aged alpha-quartz

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bowman L ; Castranova, Vincent ; Dalal NS ; Khan A ; Leonard, Stephanie ; McLaurin JL ; Miles PR ; Pack D ; Pailes WH ; Pretty JR ; Ramsey DM ; Shoemaker DA ; Shumaker J ; Teass AW ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  The in-vivo toxicities of freshly fractured and aged alpha quartz (14808607) were compared to determine if freshly milled quartz is more toxic and inflammatory. Freshly fractured quartz was produced in a jet mill for immediate use and milled quartz, stored for 2 months, served as aged quartz dust. The increased surface activity of fresh quartz was verified by analysis of surface radicals, through electron spin resonance spectroscopy and of production of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen-peroxide. Pulmonary responses of male Fischer-344-rats were measured from 1 to 3 days after exposure to fresh or aged quartz by inhalation. Rats were exposed to quartz dust at 20mg/m3, 5 hours per day, 5 days each week, for 2 weeks. Control animals were exposed to filtered air. One to 3 days postexposure, pulmonary responses were determined. Aged alpha quartz inhalation produced pulmonary inflammation and cytotoxicity as indicated by increased levels of albumin, protein, phospholipid, red blood cells and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased lipid peroxidation in lung tissue. Increased lavage leukocytes and alveolar macrophage activity were also detected. All these parameters were significantly higher following exposure to freshly milled quartz than they were in rats exposed to aged quartz. The authors conclude that the increased activity of fresh cleavage surfaces in fractured alpha quartz might produce increased risk of disease. They suggest that this is a common factor behind the increased incidence of silicosis in rock drillers, sandblasters and silica flour millers. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Dust Hazardous Substances Laboratories Occupational Health Quartz Respiratory System Safety Silicon Dioxide Silicosis
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Aged Fibrogenicity Freshly Fractured Silica Inhalation Inhalation-studies Laboratory-animals Mineral-dusts NIOSH-Author Pathogenicity Physical-properties Pulmonary Inflammation Quartz-dust Silicosis Surface Activity Toxic-effects

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• ISSN:
  0355-3140
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DBBS - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences ; DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  15-18
• Volume:
  21
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00230604
• Citation:
  Scand J Work Environ Health 1995 Sep; 21(Suppl 2):15-18
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr DA Shoemaker, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1995
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
• Supplement:
  2
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b3f5d15b1744b137cc35ef4ce2f9e857d9a99bd880a022b31cffe63beb48f1683a1d7fdadbb73a5e7d818ec9f26b65a349f8938df2b5f967c2470b3d789bd55f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/205312/cdc_205312_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 360.95 KB ]