Cadmium and nickel -- common characteristics of lettuce leaf and tobacco cigarette smoke

Details

• Personal Author:
  Elia VJ ; Menden EE ; Petering HG
• Description:
  Cigarettes made from specially processed lettuce leaves have been offered as a substitute for tobacco leaf cigarettes. While these substitutes do not contain the nicotine which has concerned health advocates, they do contain other chemicals which may be harmful. The cigarettes were mechanically smoked on a Rotory Smoker which provided a 2 second puff per minute per cigarette and a 17.5 cubic centimeter per second flow volume to a 23 millimeter (mm) butt length. The smoke condensate was collected in acetone traps. The ash was collected in metal free 100 milliliter beakers. The lettuce cigarette was 65mm long and weighed 0.72 grams. The tobacco cigarette was 85mm long and weighed 1.12 grams. The results indicated that the amounts of cadmium (7440439) and nickel (7440020) in the lettuce leaf cigarette were comparable to those in a tobacco cigarette, but, on a weight basis, the levels of cadmium and nickel were higher in the lettuce cigarette. The metal levels in the sidestream smoke were 0.72 micrograms cadmium and 0.34 micrograms nickel per lettuce cigarette, or 80 percent of the total cadmium and 10 percent of the total nickel originally present in the smoked portion. Corresponding figures from tobacco cigarettes were 0.43 micrograms cadmium and 10.3 micrograms nickel, or 38 and 33 percent, respectively. Less than 3 percent of all of these metals were dispersed as part of the mainstream smoke. The ash contained 85 percent of the original zinc (7440666) with an estimated 5 percent or less being lost in the sidestream portion. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Environmental Pollution Metals Metals, Heavy Occupational Health Safety Smoke Smokers Tobacco Products Urogenital Diseases
• Keywords:
  Cigarette-smoking Environmental-contamination Heavy-metals NIOSH-Grant NIOSH-Publication Reproductive-system-disorders Tobacco-smoke Trace-metals
• ISSN:
  0013-9300
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  317-324
• Volume:
  4
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00190558
• Citation:
  Environ Lett 1973 Oct-Dec; 4(4):317-324
• Contact Point Address:
  Environmental Health Kettering Laboratory Eden & Bethesda Avenues Cincinnati, Ohio 45219
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0) ; Zinc (CAS RN 7440-66-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1974
• NORA Priority Area:
  Reproductive System Disorders
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19700901
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Letters
• End Date:
  19790831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:1d4f47750e8c9ea956b6e7f997cc0b2cd166b8786d87918d31dc32b704016a9e22a3f9e1fbd9334d0fb0a69a1098353bfc6a65ac87d88ab6aec9bd98422b9678
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/204269/cdc_204269_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 243.54 KB ]