Acute exposure research with organic solvents: the NIOSH experience

Details

• Personal Author:
  Dick, Robert B.
• Description:
  This report on NIOSH sponsored research efforts toward understanding the effects of acute exposure to solvents for humans focuses on neurobehavioral effects in workers in response to workplace exposures. NIOSH established a laboratory in 1972 for conducting human neurotoxicity studies. Initial research studies conducted at the laboratory included work on perchloroethylene (127184), trichloroethylene (79016), acetone (67641), toluene (108883), methyl- chloride (74873), methylene-chloride (75092), methyl-chloroform (71556), styrene (100425), and xylene (1330207). Acute effects monitored included both physiological and behavioral indicators of exposure. Additional studies were concerned with responses to exposure to carbon-monoxide (630080) combined with methylene- chloride; alcohol, caffeine, combined with methyl-chloride; and methyl-chloride combined with diazepam (439145). In the 1980s work consisted of in house laboratory efforts coupled with extramural research grants. Some of this work included methyl-n-butyl-ketone (591786) exposures in a textile coating facility and the resulting neuropathy. NIOSH also sponsored conferences and workshops to help spread their information. The first meeting was held in 1973 and concerned the early detection of occupational hazards through changes in behavior where one of the sessions dealt with worker exposure to solvents. A second conference, held 10 years later, dealt with preventing neurotoxic illnesses among the working population and offered research summaries of neurotoxic effects of chemical exposures and recommended a battery of tests which were suitable for screening for neurotoxicity. Areas for future study were delineated. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Hydrocarbons Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Solvents
• Keywords:
  Chlorinated-hydrocarbons Inhalation-studies Nervous-system-disorders Neuropathology Neurotoxic-effects Occupational-exposure Organic-solvents Solvent-vapors
• ISSN:
  0035-340X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  219-228
• Volume:
  41
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00232603
• Citation:
  Int Rev Appl Psychol 1992; 41(3):219-228
• CAS Registry Number:
  1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CAS RN 71-55-6) ; 2-Hexanone (CAS RN 591-78-6) ; Acetone (CAS RN 67-64-1) ; Carbon monoxide (CAS RN 630-08-0) ; Diazepam (CAS RN 439-14-5) ; Dichloromethane (CAS RN 75-09-2) ; Methyl chloride (CAS RN 74-87-3) ; Styrene (CAS RN 100-42-5) ; Tetrachloroethylene (CAS RN 127-18-4) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3) ; Trichloroethylene (CAS RN 79-01-6) ; Xylene (CAS RN 1330-20-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1992
• NORA Priority Area:
  Neurotoxic Disorders ; Neurotoxic Effects
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  International Review of Applied Psychology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:35d93b65f51596e525b61cc308ab62195015abbcf4f02c497d0ee268dfbcda66a4fa6128f683e9f3de20151bbe3c9bf8b892d9f34423dcb62685217ef590b378
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/204071/cdc_204071_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 525.49 KB ]