3D printer emission inhalation stimulates acute hypertension and microvascular dysfunction

Details

• Personal Author:
  McBride C ; Nurkiewicz T ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. ; Yi J
• Description:
  Desktop 3D printers are now commonplace not only in research laboratories and industrial shops, but also offices and homes. We and others have reported that typical 3D printing with common acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments generates high and mixed concentrations of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) and vapor emissions (3DPE). Despite this, containment strategies are lacking and the health effects of 3DPE inhalation are unknown. Because pulmonary exposure to a variety of airborne toxicants ranging from solid PM to gaseous components induces cardiovascular dysfunction, we hypothesized that 3DPE inhalation would lead to similar outcomes. Sprague-Dawley rats (53+/-2 days, 271+/-12 g) were exposed to 3DPE (N=7) or filtered air (sham, N=5) via nose-only inhalation exposures (DSI Buxco Inhalation Tower). 3DPE were generated by a Replicator 2x (Makerbot Industries) printing with black ABS, collected in a containment chamber and pumped into the Inhalation Tower. Exposure parameters: duration: 3-3.5 hrs; concentration: 0.9+/-0.1 mg/m3; aerodynamic diameter 70+/-2 nm; mobility diameter 79+/-9 nm; and calculated lung deposition: 4.0+/-0.4 microg. 24 hrs post exposure, the spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for intravital microscopy and microvascular function was assessed via microiontophoresis (1-3 1st order arterioles studied/rat). Arterial pressure was directly measured in the carotid artery. At the time of intravital experiments, the 3DPE group displayed acute hypertension (mean pressure = 127+/-7 mm Hg) vs the sham group (89+/-5 mm Hg). Consistent with this elevated arterial pressure, arteriolar tone was significantly elevated (64+/-2% vs 55+/-5%, 3DPE vs sham, respectively). Further, endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation (acetylcholine) was significantly attenuated in the 3DPE group (21+/-11% of maximum response) as compared to the sham group (70+/-9%). These results provide initial evidence that modest pulmonary 3DPE exposures may result in an acute systemic pressor response, characterized by an increased microvascular resistance and blunted dilator response. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Blood Butadienes Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Hazardous Substances Laboratories Lung Microbiology Musculoskeletal System Occupational Health Particulate Matter Polymers Printing Respiratory System Safety Solvents Styrene Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  3D Acrylonitrile Airborne Particles Airborne Particulates Blood Pressure Blood Vessels Cardiac Function Cardiovascular Function Cardiovascular System Exposure Assessment Hypertension Inhalation Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Microscopic Analysis Muscle Tissue Office Equipment Printer-emitted Particles Printers Printing Inks Pulmonary Function Pulmonary System Three Dimensional Toxic Materials Toxic Vapors Ultrafine Particulates Vapors

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  156
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20049491
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2017 Mar; 156(1):480
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (CAS RN 9003-56-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance ; Services
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 12-16, 2017, Baltimore, Maryland
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c1b043af76ddee436c0992eaf9d291b042e6f8951e4d1814c601c3e543975c006fdb5f8c90b3e8fb0150e70478e4543c97d15e2501daf9ded84289a6f069271f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203932/cdc_203932_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 944.18 KB ]