In vitro human epidermal permeation of nicotine from electronic cigarette refill liquids and implications for dermal exposure assessment

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barbero AM ; Frasch, H. Fredrick
• Description:
  Nicotine plus flavorings in a propylene glycol (PG) vehicle are the components of electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids), which are vaporized and inhaled by the user. Dermal exposure to nicotine and e-liquids may occur among workers in mixing and filling of e-cigarettes in the manufacturing process. Inadvertent skin contact among consumers is also a concern. In vitro nicotine permeation studies using heat-separated human epidermis were performed with surrogate and two commercial e-liquids, neat and aqueous nicotine donor formulations. Steady-state fluxes (Jss), and lag times (tlag) were measured for each formulation. In addition, transient (4 h) exposure and finite dose (1-10 µl/cm2) experiments were undertaken using one commercial e-liquid. Average Jss (µg/cm2/h) from formulations were: nicotine in PG (24 mg/ml): 3.97; commercial e-liquid containing menthol (25 mg/ml nicotine): 10.2; commercial e-liquid containing limonene (25 mg/ml nicotine): 23.7; neat nicotine: 175. E-liquid lag times ranged from 5 to 10 h. Absorbed fraction of nicotine from finite doses was more or less 0.3 at 48 h. The data were applied to transient exposure and finite dose dermal exposure assessment models and to a simple pharmacokinetic model. Three illustrative exposure scenarios demonstrate use of the data to predict systemic uptake and plasma concentrations from dermal exposure. The data demonstrate the potential for significant nicotine absorption through skin contact with e-cigarette refill solutions and the neat nicotine used to mix them. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Electrical Equipment And Supplies Nicotine Occupational Health Safety Skin Smokers Solvents Tobacco Products
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Consumer Exposure Cigarette Smoking Dermal Exposures Ejuice Electronic Components Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems In Vitro Studies Nicotine Poisoning Occupational Exposure Propylene Glycol Skin Exposure Vapors

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• ISSN:
  1559-0631
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  27
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20049071
• Citation:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2017 Nov-Dec; 27(6):618-624
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr. HF Frasch, Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  HFrasch@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  (-)-Nicotine (CAS RN 54-11-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing ; Services
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6d889e972ea3080f147059866dbda728d615db44d5cf0d2e23fbdac94a5fe5b8a32c6b027eb374f11f716b839e94114547a153c6720fe7e8fb3c66c1f1653d89
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203646/cdc_203646_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 295.77 KB ]