An exploratory risk assessment for metalworking fluids (MWFS)

Details

• Personal Author:
  Park R
• Description:
  MWF mixtures vary across manufacturing process, facilities, enterprises and over time. The routes of exposure are dermal in liquid phase, and inhalation as dusts, mists and vapours. The challenge is to generalise from specific worker populations observed over many decades and from animal studies limited to few priority components. Cancer risks have been observed in both hazard identification and exposure-response studies. Respiratory disorders and performance deficits are other health effects of MWFs appearing as increased morbidity and mortality or reduced pulmonary function, as well as immune-mediated disorders: adult-onset asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Dermatitis has been a constant associate of MWFs for more than two centuries. The goal here was to explore the development of a generic summary of MWF effects to determine exposure levels conferring an acceptable low level of risk in most metalworking environments. Only total gravimetric measures of airborne dusts or mists were considered, usually with restriction to the respirable fraction. Aggregate cancer excess risk was estimated from the few studies with adequate retrospective exposure assessments and work history. Lifetime risk was calculated. Annual proportional loss of respiratory capacity was evaluated, using a benchmark dose procedure. Incidence of asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was examined as were aggregate symptoms focusing largely on respiratory complaints. For MWF exposure to 0.1 mg/ m3 over 45 yr, the lifetime risk of attributable cancer was about 3.5% and attributable respiratory impairment would occur in 4.5% of workers. Lifetime risk of asthma or HP (under outbreak conditions) was 80% at 0.1 mg/m3. After 45 yr at 0.1 mg/m3 MWF, excess prevalence of primarily respiratory symptoms would be 9 percent based on published studies, and 20 percent from NIOSH investigations. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Asthma Dermatitis Dust Environmental Exposure Lung Lung Diseases Manufacturing And Industrial Facilities Morbidity Mortality Neoplasms Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Skin Solvents Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Aggregates Airborne Dusts Bronchial Asthma Cancer Dermal Exposures Dust Exposure Dusts Exposure Levels Health Effects Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Manufacturing Metalworking Fluids Morbidity Rates Mortality Rates MWFs Pulmonary System Pulmonary System Disorders Respiratory Health Respiratory Irritants Respiratory System Disorders Risk Factors Vapors Work Environment Workers

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• ISSN:
  1351-0711
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  EID - Education and Information Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  73
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048721
• Citation:
  Occup Environ Med 2016 Sep; 73(Suppl 1):A25
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Epidemiology in Occupational Health - EPICOH 2016 - September 4-7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain
• Supplement:
  1
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bc8c417c29b00ee1dca1510daab04f1542427323735bb6f840864269d10923b71ff16b16fb1b7a3493cdc0914793cac0715098f72c44d6374f957ef778160604
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203407/cdc_203407_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 61.82 KB ]