Toxicity evaluations of nanoclays and thermally degraded byproducts through spectroscopical and microscopical approaches

Details

• Personal Author:
  Agarwal S ; Dinu CZ ; Eldawud R ; Gupta RK ; Rojanasakul Y ; Sierros KA ; Stueckle, Todd A. ; Wagner A ; White A
• Description:
  Background: Montmorillonite is a type of nanoclay that originates from the clay fraction of the soil and is incorporated into polymers to form nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical strength, barrier and flammability properties used for food packaging, automotive, and medical devices. However, with implementation in such consumer applications, the interaction of montmorillonite-based composites or derived byproducts with biological systems needs to be investigated. Methods: Herein we examined the potential of Cloisite Na+ (pristine) and Cloisite 30B (organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay) and their thermally degraded byproducts' to induce toxicity in model human lung epithelial cells. The experimental set-up mimicked biological exposure in manufacturing and disposal areas and employed cellular treatments with occupationally relevant doses of nanoclays previously characterized using spectroscopical and microscopical approaches. For nanoclay-cellular interactions and for cellular analyses respectively, biosensorial-based analytical platforms were used, with induced cellular changes being confirmed via live cell counts, viability assays, and cell imaging. Results: Our analysis of nanoclays' or byproducts' chemical and physical properties revealed both structural and functional changes. Real-time high throughput analyses of exposed cellular systems confirmed that nanoclay induced significant toxic effects, with Cloisite 30B showing time-dependent decreases in live cell count and cellular viability relative to control and pristine nanoclay respectively. Thermally degraded byproducts produced less toxic effects; all treatments caused alterations in the cell morphology upon exposure. Conclusions: Our morphological, behavioral, and viability cellular changes show that nanoclays have the potential to produce toxic effects when used both in manufacturing or disposal environments. General Significance: The reported toxicological mechanisms prove the extensibility of a biosensorial-based platform for cellular behavior analysis upon treatment with a variety of nanomaterials. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Hazardous Substances Lung Microbiology Minerals Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Spectrum Analysis
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Nanoclay Biodegradation Biosensors Byproduct Lung-cells Lung Cell Microscopic Analysis Montmorillonite Nanoclays Nanotechnology Spectrographic Analysis Thermal Decomposition Thermal Degradation Toxicity Toxic Materials

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• ISSN:
  0304-4165
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  1861
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048633
• Citation:
  Biochim Biophys Acta - Gen Subj 2017 Jan; 1861(1)(A):3406-3415
• Contact Point Address:
  Cerasela Zoica Dinu, Ph.D., Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, PO Box 6102, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
• Email:
  cerasela-zoica.dinu@mail.wvu.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Part Number:
  A
• Source Full Name:
  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:ce03b77bd587743670a69b73dc5a76ed63b7dbb4786a8b56e6da6f47a523a7780126fb32cdc790c2bf9a1023fcaab92e008263792826553ee8caadd83e750363
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203343/cdc_203343_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.50 MB ]