VOC emission rate determination in an offset printing shop

Details

• Personal Author:
  Conroy LM ; Franke JE ; Javor MJ ; Keil CE ; Milz SA ; Scheff PA ; Wadden RA ; Conroy LM ; Franke JE ; Javor MJ ; Keil CE ; Milz SA ; Scheff PA ; Wadden RA
• Description:
  A two day test was carried out December 17-18, 1991, in a printing shop containing 4 sheet-fed offset presses (2 2-color; 2 I-color; 16,000 sheets/day) and 3 spirit duplicators (24,000 pieces/day). Charcoal tube samples (pumps calibrated at 300 m1/min) were collected at twelve locations for 12 hourly periods. The tubes were analyzed for hexane equivalent concentrations by gas chromatography in our laboratories and, as a quality control, 48 paired samples were analyzed at a commercial lab. The agreement was very good (r2 = 0.969) with the slope of the relationship being 0.929 for University vs. Commercial lab analysis. Each sample was also speciated for 14 identified compounds including n-hexane, benzene, toluene, and the xylenes. The average hexane equivalent concentration over the 12 hours at a workbench in the space was 75.5 mg/m3, 31% of which was loluene. Analysis of 10 of the cleaning solvents, blanket and plate washes indicated that 3 of these contained benzene. In addition to the hydrocarbon samples, 28 particulate samples were collected on polycarbonate filters (2 L/min for one hour), and were analyzed by proton induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) for 14 elements including sulfur, chromium, nickel and lead. Source activities, includmg sheet counts, job set-up times, and cleaning periods, were also recorded. The volmne of the space was 1494 m3 with an air exchange rate of 15 hr-I which mc1uded 34% makeup air from outside the building. There was no local exhaust. The concentration and ventilation observations were used in conjunction with a completely mixed mass balance model for the interior space to estimate total emission rates of VOC and elements from all sources in the space. In addition the individual source activities were used to discriminate the contribution from each source. A chemical mass balance receptor model was also applied to the chemical pattern of elements and VOC to determine the contribution of each source to total emission. The results of these two determinations are compared. Successflul application of mass balance models to determine emission rates from concentration data places the measurement information in a generalized form which can be applied to estimate workroom concentrations in other space and ventilation settings. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Benzene Chromium Hexanes Hydrocarbons Laboratories Lead Nickel Occupational Health Particulate Matter Printing Quality Control Safety Spectrum Analysis Toluene Ventilation Xylenes

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• Keywords:
  Benzenes Filters Gas Chromatography Models N-Hexane Particulates Printers Printing Presses Quality Control Sampling Spectrographic Analysis X-rays Xylene

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• Publisher:
  American Industrial Hygiene Association
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement ; Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary ; Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  District of Columbia ; Louisiana ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 6
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Pages in Document:
  38
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048358
• Citation:
  American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 15-21, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1993 May; :38
• CAS Registry Number:
  Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Hexane (CAS RN 110-54-3) ; Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0) ; Sulfur (CAS RN 7704-34-9) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3) ; Xylene (CAS RN 1330-20-7) ; Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Hexane (CAS RN 110-54-3) ; Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0) ; Sulfur (CAS RN 7704-34-9) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3) ; Xylene (CAS RN 1330-20-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1993
• Performing Organization:
  Center to Protect Workers' Rights, Washington, DC
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19900928
• Source Full Name:
  American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 15-21, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana
• End Date:
  19961231
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f2d843e8c237423033beb14304aad4b837c9f6a524d7f14eb6abbc21f077af6bdfe72b33a27ba8ee99a25b05bdecc402f2d52daf85132eddc688810b991a719b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203126/cdc_203126_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 449.50 KB ]