Long term exposure to cellulose nanocrystals enhance morphological transformation of human lung epithelial cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Farcas MT ; Kagan VE ; Kisin ER ; Menas AL ; Russo M ; Schwegler-Berry D ; Shvedova AA ; Star A ; Yanamala N
• Description:
  Cellulose nanofibers have gained much attention due to their biodegradable nature, expedient chemical and mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. However, before these materials can be considered for potential uses, investigation of their toxicities is required. This is especially important because cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have a high aspect ratio and stiffness, features that are shared by asbestos and carbon nanotubes that are linked to high toxicity and potential to induce cancer. Additionally, the conceptual framework of reduction, refinement and replacement of animal experiments (CAAT Vision/Mission Statement) has prompted the present study aimed at the evaluation of the potential carcinogenic effect of CNC using pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B and A549). Long term repeated exposure of the cells to occupationally relevant sub-toxic concentration of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) enhanced neoplastic-like transformation as demonstrated by increased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion. Analysis of apoptosis revealed no effect in A549 and inhibitory effect of CNC in BEAS-2B cells. CNC exposure induced a strong activation of cells as demonstrated by the high number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, surface finger-like protrusions, lipid droplets and multi-nucleation. The signaling mechanisms of the cells were precisely defined by their cytokine responses. The increased proliferation was synergistic and mediated by both pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic cytokines. The results of detailed analysis of cytokines were in line with their proliferative and transformative potential of the different CNC materials investigated in this study. Overall, our results provide novel information and evidence to suggest the potential carcinogenic effect of CNC. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Carcinogens Cellulose Chemistry Cytotoxins Hazardous Substances Immune System Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Green Nanomaterials Biodegradation Biological-effects Carcinogenicity Cell Growth Cell Migration Cell Proliferation Cell Signaling Cells Proliferation Cellular Reactions Cellulose Fibers Chemical Properties Cytokines Cytotoxic Effects Cytotoxicity Economic Feasibility Exposure Assessment Health-hazards Immune Reaction Laboratory Testing Long Term Exposure Lung Cells Mechanical Properties Migration Nanocrystals Nanofibers Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Nanotoxicology Neoplastic Transformation Occupational Safety Pulmonary System Synergistic Effects Transformation Ultrafine-particulates

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• Publisher:
  International Nanotoxicology Congress
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 3 ; Pennsylvania ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048174
• Citation:
  nanoTOX 2016, Proceedings of the 8th International Nanotoxicology Congress, June 1-4, 2016, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston: MA: International Nanotoxicology Congress, 2016 Jun; :160
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cellulose (CAS RN 9004-34-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  nanoTOX 2016, Proceedings of the 8th International Nanotoxicology Congress, June 1-4, 2016, Boston, Massachusetts
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:cfb0996655db44981635ee563cab1cb8c98a90f02014d4cc5a64df4e022ae4e53eaf552c31541bd4a3d1f7d2fc10353031d06f2c2cad0f69b4977c89162deffa
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/202995/cdc_202995_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 326.32 KB ]