Pulmonary effects of carbon nanomaterials

Details

• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent ; Davidson DC ; Rojanasakul Y ; Wang L
• Description:
  Carbon nanomaterials, a class of small-scale (<100 nm) carbon-based materials formed by molecular-level engineering with unique mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, have increasingly been utilized for a wide range of applications in such as electronics, energy storage, structural materials, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery. The chemistry of pure carbon particles is surprisingly uninteresting, since they are significantly unreactive. However, there are some types of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are more reactive than others because of the defects from missing carbon atoms and the more strained curved-end caps. Additionally, nano-scale materials have a high surface area-to-volume ratio in comparison to their bulk counterparts, which leads to their high reactivity as well as biological activities following intended and unintended exposure to sensitive mammalian tissue. Because of the small size and low density of carbon nanoparticles (NPs), aerosolization is likely during energetic processes such as vortexing, weighing, sonication, mixing, and blending. Thus, human exposure via inhalation is anticipated during the production, usage, and disposal of nanoparticles. As a result, the lung is the major target organ for aerosolized nanoparticle exposure. Consistently, the respiratory system represents a unique target for the potential toxicity of nanoparticles due to the fact that, in addition to being the portal of entry for inhaled particles, it also receives the entire cardiac output. As such, there is potential for exposure of the lungs to nanoparticles resulting in particle translocation to extrapulmonary organs via systemic circulation. Nanomaterials may also enter the lung via other exposure routes including dermal and gastrointestinal absorption or direct injection. In response to inhaled airborne particles, biological defense of the lung occurs. In general, alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells are the two major resident cells that interact with inhaled particles in the alveolar region of the lung. Classically, pulmonary responses to inhaled insoluble particles include physiological defense mechanisms, such as clearance, as well as pathological response mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell damage, aberrant proliferation, and lung tissue remodeling, which may lead to the development of lung fibrosis. However, studies have found that nanomaterials deposited in the lungs, including carbon nanoparticles, show a different behavior compared to fine particles of the same chemical composition. In this chapter, the unique bioactivities of nanomaterials exposed to the lungs will be discussed. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Carcinogens Lung Lung Diseases Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes Carbon Nanofibers Carbon Nanomaterials Carbon Nanotubes Carcinogenicity Carcinogenic Potential Cell Damage Cellular Reactions Lung Fibrosis Lung Tissue Lung Tissue Remodeling Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Oxidative Stress Particle Size Pulmonary Effects Respiratory System Disorders Ultrafine Carbon Black Ultrafine Particles

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• ISBN:
  9783527338719
• Publisher:
  Wiley-VCH Verlag
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  163-193
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048011
• Citation:
  Biomedical applications and toxicology of carbon nanomaterials. Chen C, Wang H, eds. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2016 May; :163-193
• Contact Point Address:
  Liying Wang, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  Carbon nanotubes (CAS RN 308068-56-6)
• Editor(s):
  Chen C; Wang H
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Biomedical applications and toxicology of carbon nanomaterials
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:871ef34eef5fb83b478abeda4db278bcd4b9f0c7f4eeb9d7be27abae25d68bbf0fd813f5a5b53fdbecbfacff497e43ab2b6e0c9ee8a4eb3e39eb3ade62cc86be
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/202902/cdc_202902_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.28 MB ]