Hydroxyl radical generation and cytotoxicity of zinc nanoparticles in RAW 264.7 cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Badding M ; Dunnick K ; Leonard, Stephanie ; Morris A ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
• Description:
  Handling nanoparticles presents novel hazards to human health, especially when used commercially before possible toxic effects may be evaluated. Zinc nanoparticle use is expanding and exposures are possible during the manufacture of concrete, rubber, food products, sunscreen, and paint. The toxicity of zinc nanoparticles has been investigated but little is known regarding zinc nanowires, a material with properties that make it ideal for solar cells and electronics. In this study, zinc metal nanoparticles (MNP), zinc oxide nanoparticles (NP), zinc oxide micron particles (MP), and zinc oxide nanowires (NW) were comparatively investigated. Potential toxic effects due to inhalation exposures were studied using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Shape, diameter, and percentage of zinc in the sample were also characterized. A CellTiterfluor assay was used to determine cell viability and a CytoTox assay was used to determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release following 4 h and 24 h exposures for three different particle doses (10, 25, and 50 microg/ml) to assess cytotoxicity of the various particles. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) was used to determine free radical production in both acellular and cellular experiments. There was a trend towards decreased viability at 4 h with the highest dose and at 24 h with the middle dose, but changes were only significant at 24 h with 50 microg/ml for all particle types. LDH levels in cell culture media were significantly increased with MNP treatment at 50 microg/ml for 4 h. After 24 h, all particles at 25 and 50 microg/ml caused significant LDH release. EPR results indicated that MNP stimulated significantly greater hydroxyl radical (·OH) production than NP, MP, and NW upon reaction with H2O2 and in the presence of RAW cells. Our results demonstrate that while MNP stimulated the most ·OH production, all of the zinc particles decreased cell viability, suggesting multiple mechanisms for zinc nanoparticle cytotoxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biological Assay Blood Cells, Cultured Chemistry Cytotoxins Electrical Equipment And Supplies Free Radicals Laboratories Macrophages Metals Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Safety Toxicology

  More +
• Keywords:
  Bioassays Cell Cultures Cell Culture Techniques Cellular Reactions Chemical Properties Cytotoxic Effects Electronic Components Exposure Assessment Free Radical Generation Industrial Engineering Inhalation Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Metal Compounds Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Nanowires Particle Size Sampling Zinc Zinc Compounds Zinc Oxide

  More +
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  District of Columbia ; Louisiana ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 6 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  150
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20047708
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2016 Mar; 150(1):418
• CAS Registry Number:
  Zinc (CAS RN 7440-66-6) ; Zinc oxide (ZnO) (CAS RN 1314-13-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 55th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 13-17, 2016, New Orleans, Louisiana
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7504051a9c73c26ebba78b4e84dde443d88d6f2250bd82e5bbf994a9da7bbf01d0dc89e8b007094d0cc6157a2e08538c19ac68219f915b5df363f3297955b828
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/202710/cdc_202710_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 441.63 KB ]