Skin absorption of six performance amines used in metalworking fluids

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baynes RE ; Brooks JD ; Roux LN ; Yeatts JL
• Description:
  Every year, 10 million workers are exposed to metalworking fluids (MWFs) that may be toxic. There are four types of MWFs: neat oils and three water-based MWFs (soluble oil, semisynthetic and synthetic), which are diluted with water and whose composition varies according to the mineral oils ratio. MWFs also contain various additives. To determine the absorption of six amines used as corrosion inhibitors and biocides in MWFs, porcine skin flow-through diffusion cell experiments were conducted with hydrophilic ethanolamines (mono-, di- and triethanolamine, MEA, DEA and TEA respectively) and a mixture of lipophilic amines (dibutylethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine and diphenylamine). The six amines were dosed in four vehicles (water and three generic water-based MWF formulations) and analyzed using a scintillation counter or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These 24 h studies showed that dermal absorption significantly (P < 0.05) increased from water for the six amines (e.g. 1.15 +/- 0.29% dose; DEA in water) compared to other formulations (e.g. 0.13 +/- 0.01% dose; DEA in semisynthetic MWF) and absorption was greatest for dibutylethanolamine in all the formulations. The soluble oil formulation tended to increase the dermal absorption of the hydrophilic amines. The permeability coefficient was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with TEA relative to the other hydrophilic amines (e.g. 4.22 x 10(-4) +/- 0.53 x 10(-4) cm h(-1) [TEA in synthetic MWF] vs. 1.23 x 10(-4) +/- 0.10 x 10(-4) cm h(-1) [MEA in synthetic MWF]), except for MEA in soluble oil formulation. Future research will confirm these findings in an in vivo pig model along with dermatotoxicity studies. These results should help MWF industries choose safer additives for their formulations to protect the health of metalworkers. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Amines Corrosion Environmental Monitoring Ethanol Laboratories Mass Spectrometry Metals Mineral Oil Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption

  More +
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Skin Absorption Biocide Biocides Corrosion-inhibitors Cyclohexylamines Diffusion-analysis Employee-exposure Ethanolamines Ethanols Exposure-assessment Flow-through Diffusion Cell Gas-chromatography Laboratory-testing Mass-spectrometry Metalworking-fluids Metalworking Fluids Mineral-oils Oils Phenyls Scintillation-counters Skin-absorption Skin-exposure Synthetics

  More +
• ISSN:
  0260-437X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  35
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20047243
• Citation:
  J Appl Toxicol 2015 May; 35(5):520-528
• Contact Point Address:
  Ronald E. Baynes, Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics (CCTRP), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
• Email:
  Ronald_Baynes@ncsu.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  2-(Dibutylamino)ethanol (CAS RN 102-81-8) ; Dicyclohexylamine (CAS RN 101-83-7) ; Diethanolamine (CAS RN 111-42-2) ; Diphenylamine (CAS RN 122-39-4) ; Ethanolamine (CAS RN 141-43-5) ; Triethanolamine (CAS RN 102-71-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20000801
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Applied Toxicology
• End Date:
  20150731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:942ff4567ec1fd813de658d07de5c5ebe4711bda09bddc5dfb9c48ba67d289665295630e881351ddc6cee80af90e9f2b6aa096b1e724873ca4622f14703153fe
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/202390/cdc_202390_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 380.57 KB ]