Nose-only aerosol exposure systems: design, operation, and performance

Details

• Personal Author:
  Mendez LB ; Oldham MJ ; Phalen RF
• Description:
  Several methods are available for exposing laboratory animal models to aerosols, each having its advantages and disadvantages. Whole-body exposure systems (chambers) have a long history in inhalation toxicology, mainly due to their animal loading capacity and adaptability to several species. Chambers are often unsuitable for use with radioactive, infectious, and other potentially hazardous exposure materials, due to the need for large amounts of exposure material, inefficient delivery of aerosols to animals, multiple routes of exposure (e.g., oral, skin, and eyes), and the external contamination of exposed subjects. Also, chambers are costly, require considerable laboratory space, require expensive air supplies, and are difficult to decontaminate. Nose-only systems have emerged as particularly useful for exposing laboratory animals to hazardous airborne materials for several reasons including the following: (I) they can be made compact enough to fit into secondary enclosures; (2) they are well tolerated by animal subjects when designed with animal comfort in mind (and the animals undergo preliminary training sessions); (3) respiratory rates, volumes, flows, and other physiological parameters can be acquired during exposures; (4) they provide reliable, uniform, and efficient aerosol delivery; (5) in most circumstances, they are acceptable simulations of natural aerosol exposures; (6) they are relatively easy to decontaminate; and (7) several functional designs are well documented in the literature (e.g., Cheng and Moss, 1995; Phalen, 1997; Pauluhn, 2003; Jaeger et aI., 2005; Wong, 2007; Stone et aI., 2012). [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Air Pollutants, Occupational Animals Dust Laboratories Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Aerosol-particles Airborne-dusts Airborne-particles Exposure-chambers Inhalation-studies Laboratory-animals Models Physiological-effects Physiological-function Physiology
• ISBN:
  9781466552739
• Publisher:
  CRC Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  43-56
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20045866
• Citation:
  Inhalation toxicology, third edition. Salem H, Katz SA, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2014 Aug; :43-56
• Editor(s):
  Salem H; Katz SA
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2014
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Inhalation toxicology, third edition
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7efae4caf280a8d75782995044cf153efa7fa2660fdee909e6491d0053cbaccb15cd2b8d154aee52f1012414fb6648696041548de9254cb5df1c9f10521ecc22
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/201118/cdc_201118_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 4.75 MB ]